Kinesin-2 and Apc function at dendrite branch points to resolve microtubule collisions.
Kinesin-2 and Apc function at dendrite branch points to resolve microtubule collisions.
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DOI：
10.1002/cm.21270
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Rolls, Melissa M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiner, Alexis T.;Lanz, Michael C.;Goetschius, Daniel J.;Hancock, William O.;Rolls, Melissa M.
在果蝇神经元中，运动蛋白-2、EB1和Apc是维持负端向外树突微管极性所必需的，我们之前提出它们在分支点引导微管。运动介导的微管+端转向可以通过两种方式完成：1)通过将生长的微管尖端连接到相邻微管的侧面，因为它导航分支点（捆绑），或2)通过在与稳定的微管碰撞后引导生长的微管（碰撞分辨率）。使用实时成像来区分这两种机制，我们发现激酶-2的减少并没有改变沿分支点边缘生长的微管数量，在那里发现了稳定的微管。然而，激酶2或Apc的减少确实会影响微管的数量，当它们遇到与入口点相反的分支时，微管的数量会减慢或解聚。这些结果与驱动蛋白-2与Apc一起解决碰撞的功能一致。然而，他们并没有确定稳定的微管作为碰撞伙伴，因为稳定的微管通常非常靠近膜。为了确定碰撞后生长的微管是否沿着稳定的微管被引导，我们分析了生长的微管在枝晶十字路口的行为，在那里稳定的微管穿过分支点的中间。在对照神经元中，微管在十字路口的中间转动。然而，当运动蛋白-2减少时，一些微管直接穿过分支点而不能转动。我们提出动力蛋白-2的功能是在碰撞后引导生长的微管沿着稳定的微管前进。
In Drosophila neurons, kinesin-2, EB1 and Apc are required to maintain minus-end-out dendrite microtubule polarity, and we previously proposed they steer microtubules at branch points. Motor-mediated steering of microtubule plus ends could be accomplished in two ways: 1) by linking a growing microtubule tip to the side of an adjacent microtubule as it navigates the branch point (bundling), or 2) by directing a growing microtubule after a collision with a stable microtubule (collision resolution). Using live imaging to distinguish between these two mechanisms, we found that reduction of kinesin-2 did not alter the number of microtubules that grew along the edge of the branch points where stable microtubules are found. However, reduction of kinesin-2 or Apc did affect the number of microtubules that slowed down or depolymerized as they encountered the side of the branch opposite to the entry point. These results are consistent with kinesin-2 functioning with Apc to resolve collisions. However, they do not pinpoint stable microtubules as the collision partner as stable microtubules are typically very close to the membrane. To determine whether growing microtubules were steered along stable ones after a collision, we analyzed the behavior of growing microtubules at dendrite crossroads where stable microtubules run through the middle of the branch point. In control neurons, microtubules turned in the middle of the crossroads. However, when kinesin-2 was reduced some microtubules grew straight through the branch point and failed to turn. We propose that kinesin-2 functions to steer growing microtubules along stable ones following collisions.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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期刊：
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