Women and occupational lung disease: sex differences and gender influences on research and disease outcomes.
Women and occupational lung disease: sex differences and gender influences on research and disease outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ccm.2004.01.004
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发表时间：
2004-06
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Kennedy SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camp PG;Dimich-Ward H;Kennedy SM
对性别和性别改变影响的调查是职业性肺病研究中值得欢迎的进展。性别是分析中通常要控制的变量；然而，很少有单独的研究来探讨性别对疾病结果的影响[1]。在以男性为主的职业环境研究中，往往不区分性别，或者将女性排除在分析之外[2, 3]。 Greenberg 和 Dement [1] 报告称，就在 1992 年，MedLine 上列出的讨论职业暴露对女性肺部健康影响的文章比男性少了 38%。由于这种控制性别而不是检查性别的倾向，我们对性和性别如何与职业暴露相互作用以产生肺部疾病的了解有限。本文探讨了围绕性别和职业性肺病的问题，并特别关注职业环境如何影响女性的呼吸健康。对女性职业性肺病的研究不仅仅涉及确定女性与男性相比对各种毒素和颗粒物的易感性是否增加或降低。它涉及将“基于性别的视角”应用于研究过程的各个方面，以确保准确反映与职业相关的呼吸健康风险。因此，我们的讨论首先概述性别问题如何影响职业性肺病的研究。我们研究了性别如何影响研究方法，包括职业分类、暴露测量和疾病病例识别。最后，我们回顾了有关女性和几种常见职业性肺部疾病的当前知识状况的文献：石棉肺、矽肺、肺癌和职业性哮喘，以及与职业接触相关的病前呼吸道体征和症状。
The investigation of the modifying effects of sex and gender is a welcome advance in occupational lung disease research. Gender is a variable that commonly is controlled for in an analysis; however, it is rare to find a separate examination into the role that gender plays on disease outcome [1]. In studies of occupational environments that are dominated by men, often there is no distinction by gender or women are excluded from the analysis [2, 3]. Greenberg and Dement [1] reported that as recently as 1992, 38% fewer occupational health articles were listed on MedLine that addressed the effects of occupational exposures on the lung health of women compared with men. Because of this tendency to control for gender rather than examine it, we have a limited understanding of how sex and gender interact with occupational exposures to produce lung disease. This article examines the issues that surround gender and occupational lung disease and specifically focuses on how the occupational environment affects women’s respiratory health. The study of occupational lung disease in women involves much more than determining if women have an increased or decreased susceptibility to various toxins and particles compared with men. It involves applying a ‘‘gendered-based lens’’to all aspects of the research process to ensure an accurate representation of the risks to respiratory health that are associated with occupation. Therefore, our discussion begins with an overview of how gender issues may impact the study of occupational lung disease. We examine how research methodology, including classification of occupation, measurement of exposure, and identification of disease cases, can be impacted by gender. We conclude by reviewing the literature on the current state of knowledge regarding women and several common occupational lung diseases: asbestosis, silicosis, lung cancer, and occupational asthma, as well as predisease respiratory signs and symptoms that relate to occupational exposure.
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影响因子：
24.3
作者：
Janson, C;Chinn, S;Burney, P
通讯作者：
Burney, P
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
DEMENT, JM;HARRIS, RL;SHY, CM
通讯作者：
SHY, CM
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Emslie, C;Hunt, K;Macintyre, S
通讯作者：
Macintyre, S
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Christiani, DC;Wang, XR
通讯作者：
Wang, XR
影响因子：
--
作者：
Han, DH
通讯作者：
Han, DH