Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.

Assessing urinary phenol and paraben mixtures in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2022.113897
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发表时间:
2022-11
影响因子:
8.3
通讯作者:
Peck, Jennifer D.
Peck, Jennifer D.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen, Wei-Jen;Robledo, Candace;Davis, Erin M.;Goodman, Jean R.;Xu, Chao;Hwang, Jooyeon;Janitz, Amanda E.;Garwe, Tabitha;Calafat, Antonia M.;Peck, Jennifer D.

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先前的研究已经确定了环境苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯暴露与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)风险增加之间的关联,但没有研究将这些暴露作为混合物处理。由于已经出现了更好地评估多种化学品暴露的方法,我们的研究旨在应用贝叶斯核机器回归(BKMR)来评估苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物与GDM之间的关联。这项研究包括64例GDM病例和237例来自俄克拉荷马州医学中心的产科患者对照。采集妊娠中期现场尿样,以定量双酚A(BPA)、二苯甲酮-3、三氯生、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,5-二氯苯酚、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯和对羟基苯甲酸丙酯的浓度。在控制混杂因素的同时,使用多变量逻辑回归来评估个体化学生物标志物与GDM之间的关联。我们使用BKMR与分层变量选择的概率单位实现来估计苯酚和对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物的每个组分的GDM概率的平均差异,同时控制化学生物标志物之间的相关性。当使用逻辑回归分析单个化学物质时,二苯甲酮-3与GDM呈正相关[每个四分位数范围(IQR)的调整比值比(aOR)= 1.54,95%置信区间(CI)1.15,2.08],而BPA与GDM呈负相关(aOR 0.61,95% CI 0.37,0.99)。在probit-BKMR分析中,二苯甲酮-3的z评分转换对数尿液浓度从第10百分位数增加到第90百分位数与GDM概率的估计差异增加相关(0.67,95%可信区间0.04,1.30),其他化学物质固定在其中位数。在BKMR分析中,未发现其他化学生物标志物与GDM之间存在关联。我们观察到,BPA和GDM的关联被削弱时,占相关的酚类和对羟基苯甲酸酯,这表明解决围产期环境暴露研究中的化学混合物的重要性。额外的前瞻性研究将增加对二苯甲酮-3暴露与GDM发展之间关系的理解。
Prior studies have identified the associations between environmental phenol and paraben exposures and increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but no study addressed these exposures as mixtures. As methods have emerged to better assess exposures to multiple chemicals, our study aimed to apply Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to evaluate the association between phenol and paraben mixtures and GDM. This study included 64 GDM cases and 237 obstetric patient controls from the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. Mid-pregnancy spot urine samples were collected to quantify concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), benzophenone-3, triclosan, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol, butylparaben, methylparaben, and propylparaben. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between individual chemical biomarkers and GDM while controlling for confounding. We used probit implementation of BKMR with hierarchical variable selection to estimate the mean difference in GDM probability for each component of the phenol and paraben mixtures while controlling for the correlation among the chemical biomarkers. When analyzing individual chemicals using logistic regression, benzophenone-3 was positively associated with GDM [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per interquartile range (IQR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15, 2.08], while BPA was negatively associated with GDM (aOR 0.61, 95% CI 0.37, 0.99). In probit-BKMR analysis, an increase in z-score transformed log urinary concentrations of benzophenone-3 from the 10th to 90th percentile was associated with an increase in the estimated difference in the probability of GDM (0.67, 95% Credible Interval 0.04, 1.30), holding other chemicals fixed at their medians. No associations were identified between other chemical biomarkers and GDM in the BKMR analyses. We observed that the association of BPA and GDM was attenuated when accounting for correlated phenols and parabens, suggesting the importance of addressing chemical mixtures in perinatal environmental exposure studies. Additional prospective investigations will increase the understanding of the relationship between benzophenone-3 exposure and GDM development.
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