The strength of the causal evidence against physical punishment of children and its implications for parents, psychologists, and policymakers.
The strength of the causal evidence against physical punishment of children and its implications for parents, psychologists, and policymakers.
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DOI：
10.1037/amp0000327
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kazdin AE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gershoff ET;Goodman GS;Miller-Perrin CL;Holden GW;Jackson Y;Kazdin AE
过去几十年来，数百项研究都在探讨体罚对儿童的发展是否有益或有害的问题。然而，是否可以从这种很大程度上非实验性的研究中得出因果结论，以及这些结论是否可以在不同背景下推广，这些问题仍然悬而未决。在本文中，作者总结了体罚实证研究在多大程度上符合公认的因果推理标准。然后，他们回顾了表明体罚与身体虐待对儿童造成的伤害相同的研究，并总结了现有的研究，发现体罚与儿童有害结果之间的联系在不同文化、家庭和邻里环境中是一致的。体罚与有害儿童结果之间的联系的强度和一致性促使作者建议父母应避免体罚，心理学家应建议和倡导反对体罚，政策制定者应制定方法教育公众了解体罚的危害和体罚的替代方案。
The question of whether physical punishment is helpful or harmful to the development of children has been subject to hundreds of research studies over the past several decades. Yet whether causal conclusions can be drawn from this largely nonexperimental research and whether the conclusions generalize across contexts are issues that remain unresolved. In this article, the authors summarize the extent to which the empirical research on physical punishment meets accepted criteria for causal inference. They then review research demonstrating that physical punishment is linked with the same harms to children as is physical abuse and summarize the extant research that finds links between physical punishment and detrimental outcomes for children are consistent across cultural, family, and neighborhood contexts. The strength and consistency of the links between physical punishment and detrimental child outcomes lead the authors to recommend that parents should avoid physical punishment, psychologists should advise and advocate against it, and policymakers should develop means of educating the public about the harms of and alternatives to physical punishment.
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