Aversive Training of Honey Bees in an Automated Y-Maze
Aversive Training of Honey Bees in an Automated Y-Maze
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自动 Y 迷宫中蜜蜂的厌恶训练
DOI：
10.3389/fphys.2019.00678
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
C. Galizia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morgane Nouvian;C. Galizia
蜜蜂的大脑很小，但却具有非凡的学习能力，因此被认为是研究学习和记忆的一种强大的模式生物。我们目前的大部分知识都是基于食欲范式，在这种范式中，先前的中性刺激（例如，视觉、嗅觉或触觉刺激）与奖励配对。在这里，我们提出了一种新的装置，yAPIS，对行走的蜜蜂进行厌恶训练。该系统由三个长度相等且彼此成120°的臂组成。在每只手臂内，彩色光（λ = 375, 465或520 nm）或气味（这里是柠檬烯或芳樟醇）可以提供条件刺激（CS）。放置在地板和屋顶上的金属网格以轻微电击的形式提供惩罚（无条件刺激，美国）。我们的训练方案遵循了一个完全经典的程序，在这个程序中，蜜蜂依次暴露于一个带有电击的CS （CS+）和另一个不受惩罚的CS （CS-）。在第二阶段测量学习表现，该阶段利用仪器的y形和实时跟踪向蜜蜂提供选择情况，例如在CS+和CS-之间进行选择。在经过几次颜色或气味的训练试验后，蜜蜂可靠地选择了CS-而不是CS+，并且至少保留了一天的记忆，除了产生混合结果的较短波长（λ = 375 nm）。这种行为很大程度上是蜜蜂避开CS+的结果，因为没有证据表明蜜蜂被CS-吸引。有趣的是，经过训练的蜜蜂最初被放置在CS+中，如果有机会，它们会自发地逃到CS-臂上，尽管它们在训练期间从来没有这样做过。最后，用复合刺激（颜色+气味）训练的蜜蜂后来避免了CS+的任何一种成分。因此，yapi是一种快速、通用和高通量的蜜蜂厌恶范式训练方法。它还为研究双峰整合和学习的受控实验室实验打开了大门，这是一个仍处于起步阶段的领域。
Honeybees have remarkable learning abilities given their small brains, and have thus been established as a powerful model organism for the study of learning and memory. Most of our current knowledge is based on appetitive paradigms, in which a previously neutral stimulus (e.g., a visual, olfactory, or tactile stimulus) is paired with a reward. Here, we present a novel apparatus, the yAPIS, for aversive training of walking honey bees. This system consists in three arms of equal length and at 120° from each other. Within each arm, colored lights (λ = 375, 465 or 520 nm) or odors (here limonene or linalool) can be delivered to provide conditioned stimuli (CS). A metal grid placed on the floor and roof delivers the punishment in the form of mild electric shocks (unconditioned stimulus, US). Our training protocol followed a fully classical procedure, in which the bee was exposed sequentially to a CS paired with shocks (CS+) and to another CS not punished (CS-). Learning performance was measured during a second phase, which took advantage of the Y-shape of the apparatus and of real-time tracking to present the bee with a choice situation, e.g., between the CS+ and the CS-. Bees reliably chose the CS- over the CS+ after only a few training trials with either colors or odors, and retained this memory for at least a day, except for the shorter wavelength (λ = 375 nm) that produced mixed results. This behavior was largely the result of the bees avoiding the CS+, as no evidence was found for attraction to the CS-. Interestingly, trained bees initially placed in the CS+ spontaneously escaped to a CS- arm if given the opportunity, even though they could never do so during the training. Finally, honey bees trained with compound stimuli (color + odor) later avoided either components of the CS+. Thus, the yAPIS is a fast, versatile and high-throughput way to train honey bees in aversive paradigms. It also opens the door for controlled laboratory experiments investigating bimodal integration and learning, a field that remains in its infancy.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Cognigni P;Felsenberg J;Waddell S
通讯作者：
Waddell S
DOI：
10.1101/lm.032995.113
发表时间：
2014-03-18
期刊：
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gerber B;Yarali A;Diegelmann S;Wotjak CT;Pauli P;Fendt M
通讯作者：
Fendt M