The Phytogeographic History of Common Walnut in China.
The Phytogeographic History of Common Walnut in China.
复制标题
中国核桃植物地理学史
DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2018.01399
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Zhao P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng X;Zhou H;Zulfiqar S;Luo X;Hu Y;Feng L;Malvolti ME;Woeste K;Zhao P
核桃（Juglans regia L.）是一种重要的经济阔叶树种，因其优质木材和可食用坚果而在世界范围内种植。人们普遍认为，在最后一次冰期之后，核桃在亚洲几乎完全孤立的森林中生存和生长，古代人类通过贸易和文化扩张将核桃分散到亚洲各地并进入新的栖息地。然而，普通核桃在中国的历史是一个有争议的问题。利用22个微卫星标记（13个中性标记和9个非中性标记）对我国31个核桃居群的遗传多样性和空间遗传结构进行了分析。利用历史数据和群体遗传学分析，包括近似贝叶斯分析（ABC），我们重建了核桃在中国的人口历史。遗传数据表明，在新疆省（中国西北部），东北（北京，山东和长白山），中国中部（秦岭和白山和西安）和中国西南部（西藏，云南，贵州和四川省）的冰川避难所可能存在J. regia。基于DIY-ABC分析，我们鉴定了中国核桃的三个古老谱系。两个支系（亚群A和亚群B+C）在2.79 Mya左右发生了分化，而中国西南、秦岭和白山支系在第四纪冰期（约1.13 Mya）发生了分化。这些曾经独特的遗传集群的残留物J. regia可能需要生态管理，如果他们要保留为原位资源。在过去的五个世纪里，中国东北地区的人口规模出现了扩张。核桃在中国的分布现状是末次盛冰期后多个避难所扩张/收缩和人类开发利用共同作用的结果。
Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important hardwood tree species cultivated worldwide for its high quality wood and edible nuts. It is generally accepted that after the last glaciation J. regia survived and grew in almost completely isolated stands in Asia, and that ancient humans dispersed walnuts across Asia and into new habitats via trade and cultural expansion. The history of common walnut in China is a matter of debate, however. We estimated the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of 31 walnut populations sampled across its Chinese range using 22 microsatellite markers (13 neutral and 9 non-neutral). Using historical data and population genetic analysis, including approximate Bayesian analysis (ABC), we reconstructed the demographic history of J. regia in China. The genetic data indicated the likely presence of J. regia in glacial refugia in the Xinjiang province (Northwest China), Northeastern China (Beijing, Shandong, and Changbai Mountains), Central China (Qinling and Baishan Mountains and Xi’an), and Southwestern China (Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan provinces). Based on DIY-ABC analysis, we identified three ancient lineages of J. regia in China. Two lineages (subpopulation A and subpopulation B+C) diverged about 2.79 Mya, while Southwestern China, and Qinling and Baishan Mountains lineages diverged during the Quaternary glaciations (about 1.13 Mya). Remnants of these once-distinct genetic clusters of J. regia may warrant ecological management if they are to be retained as in situ resources. A population size expansion in Northeastern China was detected in the last five centuries. The present distribution of walnut in China resulted from the combined effects of expansion/contraction from multiple refugia after the Last Glacial Maximum and later human exploitation.
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