Cerebral artery dilatation maintains cerebral oxygenation at extreme altitude and in acute hypoxia--an ultrasound and MRI study.

Cerebral artery dilatation maintains cerebral oxygenation at extreme altitude and in acute hypoxia--an ultrasound and MRI study.
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DOI:
10.1038/jcbfm.2011.81
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发表时间:
2011-10
期刊:
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
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其他
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经颅多普勒是一种广泛应用的无创性脑动脉血流检测技术。所有以前在高海拔地区使用多普勒测量动脉血流速度评估脑血流量(CBF)的研究都假设血管直径不变。在这里,我们报告了两项研究,证明情况并非如此。首先,我们报告了CBF的最高记录研究(珠峰上7,950 m),并证明在5,300 m以上,大脑中动脉(MCA)直径增加(n=24在5,300 m,14在6,400 m,5在7,950 m)。平均MCA直径在海平面为5.30 mm,在5,300 m为5.23 mm,在6,400 m为6.66 mm,在7,950 m为9.34 mm(P<0.001,对于5,300和7,950 m之间的变化)。7,950米处的膨胀在氧气的作用下发生逆转。第二,我们证实了这种扩张,证明在缺氧(FiO 2 =12%,3小时)在3-T磁共振成像研究在海平面(n=7)相同的效果(并将其与超声)。从这些结果中,我们得出结论,不能假设大脑动脉直径是恒定的,特别是在改变吸入氧分压,经颅二维超声是一种技术,可用于在床边或在远程设置,以评估MCA口径。
Transcranial Doppler is a widely used noninvasive technique for assessing cerebral artery blood flow. All previous high altitude studies assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the field that have used Doppler to measure arterial blood velocity have assumed vessel diameter to not alter. Here, we report two studies that demonstrate this is not the case. First, we report the highest recorded study of CBF (7,950 m on Everest) and demonstrate that above 5,300 m, middle cerebral artery (MCA) diameter increases (n=24 at 5,300 m, 14 at 6,400 m, and 5 at 7,950 m). Mean MCA diameter at sea level was 5.30 mm, at 5,300 m was 5.23 mm, at 6,400 m was 6.66 mm, and at 7,950 m was 9.34 mm (P<0.001 for change between 5,300 and 7,950 m). The dilatation at 7,950 m reversed with oxygen. Second, we confirm this dilatation by demonstrating the same effect (and correlating it with ultrasound) during hypoxia (FiO2=12% for 3 hours) in a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging study at sea level (n=7). From these results, we conclude that it cannot be assumed that cerebral artery diameter is constant, especially during alterations of inspired oxygen partial pressure, and that transcranial 2D ultrasound is a technique that can be used at the bedside or in the remote setting to assess MCA caliber.
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