Postcranial diversity and recent ecomorphic impoverishment of North American gray wolves
Postcranial diversity and recent ecomorphic impoverishment of North American gray wolves
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北美灰狼的颅后多样性和近期生态形态贫化
DOI：
10.1098/rsbl.2017.0613
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Meachen, Julie A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tomiya, Susumu;Meachen, Julie A.
基因组学和古生物学的最新进展已经开始揭示灰狼（Canis lupus）复杂的进化史。尽管如此，他们在时间和空间上的许多表型变化仍有待记录。为了更好地了解它们的颅骨后多样性，我们研究了来自晚第四纪（<ca70 ka）的化石和现代北美灰狼的肢体形态。我们发现，晚更新世的灰狼在科迪勒勒-劳伦泰德冰原两侧都具有短腿的特征，尽管更新世巨型动物的崩溃和阿拉斯加“白令陆狼”的消失，但这种特征仍然存在到全新世。相比之下，美国中西部和北美西北部的现存种群以其细长的肢体和较长的远端节为特征，这似乎是在全新世期间进化的，可能是为了应对新的水平或类型的猎物消耗。最近平原狼（Canis lupus nubilus）和墨西哥狼（c.l. baileyi）在美国大部分地区灭绝的后果之一是，由于短腿动物的灭绝，颅骨后多样性空前丧失。因此，保护灰狼对恢复北美灰狼生态表型多样性和进化潜力至关重要。
Recent advances in genomics and palaeontology have begun to unravel the complex evolutionary history of the gray wolf,Canis lupus. Still, much of their phenotypic variation across time and space remains to be documented. We examined the limb morphology of the fossil and modern North American gray wolves from the late Quaternary (<ca70 ka) to better understand their postcranial diversity through time. We found that the late-Pleistocene gray wolves were characterized by short-leggedness on both sides of the Cordilleran–Laurentide ice sheets, and that this trait survived well into the Holocene despite the collapse of Pleistocene megafauna and disappearance of the ‘Beringian wolf' from Alaska. By contrast, extant populations in the Midwestern USA and northwestern North America are distinguished by their elongate limbs with long distal segments, which appear to have evolved during the Holocene possibly in response to a new level or type of prey depletion. One of the consequences of recent extirpation of the Plains (Canis lupus nubilus) and Mexican wolves (C. l. baileyi) from much of the USA is an unprecedented loss of postcranial diversity through removal of short-legged forms. Conservation of these wolves is thus critical to restoration of the ecophenotypic diversity and evolutionary potential of gray wolves in North America.
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影响因子：
5.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
2
作者：
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