Vangl2 regulates the dynamics of Wnt cytonemes in vertebrates

Vangl2 regulates the dynamics of Wnt cytonemes in vertebrates
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Vangl2 调节脊椎动物 Wnt 细胞因子的动态

DOI:
10.1101/2020.12.23.424142
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Brunt L
Brunt L
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brunt L

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Wnt信号网络调节细胞的增殖和分化,以及多细胞生物体发育过程中的迁移和极性。然而,目前仍不清楚如何精确控制Wnt配体的分布以实现所有这些不同的功能。在这里,我们证明了四遍跨膜蛋白Vangl2在决定细胞线在脊椎动物组织中的分布中起着核心作用。在斑马鱼上皮细胞、小鼠肠上皮细胞和人胃癌细胞中,Vangl2的激活导致较少但极长的细胞膜的产生,这些细胞膜开始分支并将Wnt蛋白输送到多个细胞。Vangl2激活的细胞素增加了周围细胞中的Wnt/β-catenin信号。相应地,抑制Vangl2功能导致较短的细胞线的形成和旁分泌Wnt/β-catenin信号的激活减少。一个数学模型模拟了观察到的Vangl2在斑马鱼原肠分裂中对细胞素的作用,预测了形态发生信号梯度的前移,组织图案的改变,以及组织域锐度的丧失。我们在斑马鱼神经板的前后模式中证实了这些预测。综上所述,我们证明了Vangl2--五氯酚信号组件的核心成员--通过控制脊椎动物发育和组织内稳态中的细胞素行为,是旁分泌Wnt/β-连环蛋白信号转导的基础。
The Wnt signalling network regulates cell proliferation and cell differentiation as well as migration and polarity in development of multicellular organisms. However, it is still unclear how distribution of Wnt ligands is precisely controlled to fulfil all of these different functions. Here, we show that the four-pass transmembrane protein Vangl2 occupies a central role in determining the distribution of Wnt by cytonemes in vertebrate tissue. In zebrafish epiblast cells, mouse intestinal telocytes and human gastric cancer cells, activation of Vangl2 leads to the generation of fewer but extremely long cytonemes, which start to branch and deliver Wnt protein to multiple cells. The Vangl2-activated cytonemes increase Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the surrounding cells. Concordantly, inhibition of Vangl2 function leads to the formation of shorter cytonemes and reduced paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signal activation. A mathematical model simulating the observed Vangl2 functions on cytonemes in zebrafish gastrulation predicts an anterior shift of the morphogenetic signalling gradient, altered tissue patterning, and a loss of the sharpness of tissue domains. We confirmed these predictions during anteroposterior patterning in the zebrafish neural plate. In summary, we show that Vangl2 - a core member of the PCP signalling component - is fundamental to paracrine Wnt/β-catenin signalling by controlling cytoneme behaviour in vertebrate development and tissue homeostasis.
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DOI: --
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