Widespread maintenance of genome heterozygosity in Schmidtea mediterranea.

Widespread maintenance of genome heterozygosity in Schmidtea mediterranea.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41559-016-0019
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发表时间:
2016-12-05
影响因子:
16.8
通讯作者:
Alvarado AS
Alvarado AS
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Guo L;Zhang S;Rubinstein B;Ross E;Alvarado AS

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由于近亲繁殖或有丝分裂错误造成的杂合性丢失导致后代存活率和生育力降低。在地理上孤立的种群中,杂合性的丧失尤其严重,这容易导致近亲繁殖衰退和更快的灭绝速度。的再生能力的雌雄同体的生物型的涡虫Schmidtea meditriquea使我们能够进行系统的孟德尔分离的遗传测试和研究的杂合性的损失在螺旋超进化枝一般和特别是涡虫。我们发现,~300 Mb(~37.5%)的基因组保持杂合性,即使在10代的近亲繁殖,并表明这些染色体区域具有较低的多样性和重组率在野生种群。我们的遗传和基因组分析建立了S。地中海是一个易于遗传的系统。这项研究还为研究非孟德尔机制的进化基础、染色体结构杂合体的适应性优势及其与涡虫强大再生能力的潜在关系打开了大门。
Loss of heterozygosity through inbreeding or mitotic errors leads to reductions in progeny survival and fertility. Loss of heterozygosity is particularly exacerbated in geographically isolated populations, which are prone to inbreeding depression and faster rates of extinction. The regenerative capacities of the hermaphroditic biotype of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea allowed us to perform a systematic genetic test of Mendelian segregation and study the loss of heterozygosity in the Spiralian superclade in general and planarians in particular. We discovered that ~300 Mb (~37.5%) of the genome retains heterozygosity even after ten generations of inbreeding, and show that these chromosomal regions have low diversity and recombination rates in wild populations. Our genetic and genomic analyses establish S. mediterranea as a genetically tractable system. The research also opens the door to study the evolutionary basis of non-Mendelian mechanisms, the adaptive advantages of chromosome structural heterozygotes and their potential relationship to the robust regenerative capacities of planarians.
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