Genomic articulations of indigeneity
Genomic articulations of indigeneity
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本土性的基因组表达
DOI：
10.1177/0306312713483893
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
K. Tallbear
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Tallbear
原住民和基因组科学家各自对“原住民”的定义和实践说明了他们对身份、起源和未来的相互竞争的概念。本文探讨了这些基因组和土著对本土性的“表达”，包括它们的相似之处和深刻的差异。研究古代全球人类迁徙和人类基因组多样性的科学家们对“本土性”的理解似乎与全球本土运动对这一概念的使用重叠，但从根本上矛盾。基因组表达将遗传血统视为土著“种群”的定义。相比之下，土著对土著性的表述强调政治地位以及生物和文化亲缘关系，这些亲缘关系是在相互之间以及与生活景观之间动态的、长期的关系中构成的。为了证明定义差异的重要性，我从几个科学和土著项目中举了例子，这些项目将 DNA 知识与对土著身份的判断联系在一起，并指出了由此产生的政策影响。我首先研究了关于原住民和种族的两个关键叙述，它们构成了原住民基因组表达的基础：“原住民正在消失”和“我们都是相关的/都是非洲人”。然后，我探讨了基因组和土著表达冲突和重叠的两个案例——“肯纳威克人”案例和使用 DNA 测试进行部落登记。然而，基因组表达以其更大的真理控制能力，可能会无意中以破坏部落和原住民自决以及全球土著反殖民运动的方式重新配置原住民。事实上，一些土著人民最近采用了基因组表达身份，这可能对他们自己造成损害。
Indigenous peoples’ and genome scientists’ respective definitions and practices of making ‘indigeneity’ illustrate their competing notions of identity, origins, and futures. This article explores these genomic and indigenous ‘articulations’ of indigeneity, both their similarities and profound differences. Scientists who study ancient global human migrations and human genome diversity draw on an understanding of ‘indigeneity’ that appears to overlap with, but fundamentally contradicts, the use of this concept by the global indigenous movement. Genomic articulations privilege genetic ancestry as defining indigenous ‘populations’. In contrast, indigenous articulations of indigeneity emphasize political status and biological and cultural kinship constituted in dynamic, long-standing relations with each other and with living landscapes. To demonstrate how differences in definitions matter, I draw examples from several scientific and indigenous projects that entangle DNA knowledge with judgments about indigenous identities, and I note resulting policy implications. I first examine two key narratives of indigeneity and race that underlie the genomic articulation of indigeneity: ‘indigenous peoples are vanishing’ and ‘we are all related/all African’. I then explore two cases where genomic and indigenous articulations clash and overlap – the ‘Kennewick Man’ case and the use of DNA testing for tribal enrollment. Yet genomic articulations, with their greater truth-governing power, may inadvertently reconfigure indigeneity in ways that can undermine tribal and First Nations’ self-determination and the global indigenous anticolonial movement. Indeed, some indigenous peoples have recently adopted genomic articulations of identity, perhaps to their own detriment.
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
A. Torroni;R. Sukernik;T. Schurr;B. Starikovskaya;Margaret F. Cabell;M. Crawford;A. Comuzzie;D. Wallace
通讯作者：
A. Torroni;R. Sukernik;T. Schurr;B. Starikovskaya;Margaret F. Cabell;M. Crawford;A. Comuzzie;D. Wallace
单个美洲印第安部落内存在广泛的线粒体多样性。
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.88.19.8720
发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Ward,RH;Frazier,BL;Dew-Jager,K;Pääbo,S
通讯作者：
Pääbo,S
四个美洲原住民 mtDNA 的亚洲亲缘关系和大陆辐射。
影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Torroni,A;Schurr,TG;Cabell,MF;Brown,MD;Neel,JV;Larsen,M;Smith,DG;Vullo,CM;Wallace,DC
通讯作者：
Wallace,DC