Air pollution and climate change.
Air pollution and climate change.
复制标题
空气污染和气候变化。
DOI：
10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00189-4
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pinho-Gomes AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pinho-Gomes AC
空气污染和气候变化都是全球人口健康的威胁。在英国，我们已经看到气候变化是如何影响我们健康所依赖的所有系统的。其后果多种多样，从不方便（如超市新鲜农产品短缺）到影响深远（如2022年前所未有的热浪导致的过多死亡）。即使实现了最雄心勃勃的温室气体减排目标（如果目前的趋势继续下去，这是不可能的），由于大气中已经积累的温室气体排放，气候变化的后果将由子孙后代承受。1尽管过去几十年在改善空气质量方面取得了实质性进展，包括在英国，2空气污染仍然是全球公众健康面临的最大可改变的环境风险。在英国，人为造成的空气污染与心血管和呼吸系统疾病等几种慢性疾病的发病和恶化有关，每年导致2.8万至3.6万人死亡。在世界范围内，空气污染和气候变化的影响存在着巨大的不平等。在英国，经历贫困或其他形式的社会经济劣势的人，包括少数民族，更有可能住在靠近空气污染源的地方，比如主要道路或工业污染源。此外，他们很少有机会进入绿色和蓝色的空间，这减少了他们暴露在空气污染和热压力下的机会。在大多数英国人现在居住的城市，城市热岛对最贫困的社区产生了不成比例的影响。这些不平等现象是与空气污染和高温有关的发病率和死亡率的剥夺梯度的基础，这加剧了其他风险因素的影响，例如无法获得健康食品或恶劣的住房和工作条件。8 .空气污染和气候变化是密切相关的，因为导致空气质量下降的化学物质经常与温室气体共同排放。除了与空气污染和气候变化分别相关的对人口的重大风险外，每一个都可能加剧另一个的影响。更干燥和更热的环境通常会导致严重的空气污染，尤其是高臭氧含量，
Air pollution and climate change are both threats to population health worldwide. In the UK, we have seen how climate change is already affecting all the systems on which our health depends. The consequences range from inconvenient, such as fresh produce shortages in supermarkets, to profoundly impactful, such as excess deaths related to the unprecedented heatwaves in 2022. Even if the most ambitious reductions in greenhousegas emissions are achieved, which is unlikely if current trends continue, the consequences of climate change will be experienced by future generations due to the greenhouse-gas emissions that have already accumulated in the atmosphere. 1 Despite substantial progress during the past few decades towards improving air quality, including in the UK, 2 air pollution remains the largest modifiable environmental risk to public health globally. 3 In the UK, human-made air pollution is associated with the onset and exacerbation of several chronic disorders, such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and leads to between 28 000 and 36 000 deaths every year. 4 There are substantial inequalities in the effects of air pollution and climate change worldwide. 3 People in the UK who are experiencing deprivation or other forms of socioeconomic disadvantage, including minoritisedethnic groups, are more likely to live close to sources of air pollution, such as major roads or industrial sources. 5, 6 Furthermore, they have less access to green and blue spaces, which reduce exposure to air pollution and heat stress. 7 In cities, where most of the UK population now lives, urban heat-islands have a disproportionate impact on the most deprived communities. These inequalities are the basis of the deprivation gradient in morbidity and mortality related to air pollution and heat, which exacerbates the effects of other risk factors, such as inadequate access to healthy food or poor housing and working conditions. 8Air pollution and climate change are deeply interconnected because the chemical species that lead to a degradation in air quality are frequently co-emitted with greenhouse gases. 9 As well as the substantial risks to the population that are associated with air pollution and climate change separately, each can exacerbate the effects of the other. Drier and hotter conditions can lead to high air pollution in general, particularly high ozone,
DOI：
10.1186/s12940-017-0314-5
发表时间：
2017-10-06
期刊：
Environmental health : a global access science source
影响因子：
--
作者：
Milojevic A;Niedzwiedz CL;Pearce J;Milner J;MacKenzie IA;Doherty RM;Wilkinson P
通讯作者：
Wilkinson P
影响因子：
7.9
作者：
Orru H;Ebi KL;Forsberg B
通讯作者：
Forsberg B
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Brunt, H.;Barnes, J.;Hayes, E.
通讯作者：
Hayes, E.