Socioeconomic and urban-rural differentials in exposure to air pollution and mortality burden in England.
Socioeconomic and urban-rural differentials in exposure to air pollution and mortality burden in England.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12940-017-0314-5
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发表时间：
2017-10-06
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wilkinson P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milojevic A;Niedzwiedz CL;Pearce J;Milner J;MacKenzie IA;Doherty RM;Wilkinson P
社会经济弱势群体往往更容易受到颗粒物空气污染的影响，这可能会导致预期寿命的差异。我们研究了与英格兰各地选定污染物背景浓度的较大范围（5 公里分辨率）变化相关的暴露和空气污染相关死亡率的社会经济差异。使用大气化学传输模型 (EMEP4UK) 以 5 公里水平分辨率模拟臭氧和颗粒物（细分为 PM10、PM2.5、PM2.5–10、初级、硝酸盐和硫酸盐 PM2.5）。这些污染物的年平均浓度被分配给英格兰所有1,202,578个住宅邮政编码，这些邮政编码根据2010年英国低级超输出居住区多重剥夺指数的收入和就业领域，按城乡地位和社会经济剥夺程度进行分类。我们使用生命表方法来估计 PM2.5 造成的相对和绝对生命年 (LY) 损失。在社会经济贫困程度较高的地区，大多数颗粒物的浓度略高，但硝酸盐 PM2.5 或臭氧的浓度则不然。污染水平与社会经济剥夺之间的关系是非线性的，并且因城乡状况而异。 PM2.5 浓度模式对每 103 人口中 PM2.5 导致的 LY 损失的陡峭社会经济梯度影响很小，这主要是由潜在死亡率的陡峭社会经济梯度驱动的。在农村地区，最贫困的十分之一中与空气污染相关的 LY 损失的绝对负担最低。在英格兰，空气污染在 5 公里分辨率下显示出适度的社会经济模式，但由于潜在的死亡率，绝对可归因的死亡率负担与地区层面的贫困密切相关。导致空气污染本底浓度普遍降低的措施可能会适度帮助缩小健康方面的社会经济差异。本文的在线版本 (10.1186/s12940-017-0314-5) 包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations often have higher exposures to particulate air pollution, which can be expected to contribute to differentials in life expectancy. We examined socioeconomic differentials in exposure and air pollution-related mortality relating to larger scale (5 km resolution) variations in background concentrations of selected pollutants across England. Ozone and particulate matter (sub-divided into PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5–10, primary, nitrate and sulphate PM2.5) were simulated at 5 km horizontal resolution using an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK). Annual mean concentrations of these pollutants were assigned to all 1,202,578 residential postcodes in England, which were classified by urban-rural status and socioeconomic deprivation based on the income and employment domains of the 2010 English Index of Multiple Deprivation for the Lower-level Super Output Area of residence. We used life table methods to estimate PM2.5-attributable life years (LYs) lost in both relative and absolute terms. Concentrations of the most particulate fractions, but not of nitrate PM2.5 or ozone, were modestly higher in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. Relationships between pollution level and socioeconomic deprivation were non-linear and varied by urban-rural status. The pattern of PM2.5 concentrations made only a small contribution to the steep socioeconomic gradient in LYs lost due to PM2.5 per 103 population, which primarily was driven by the steep socioeconomic gradient in underlying mortality rates. In rural areas, the absolute burden of air pollution-related LYs lost was lowest in the most deprived deciles. Air pollution shows modest socioeconomic patterning at 5 km resolution in England, but absolute attributable mortality burdens are strongly related to area-level deprivation because of underlying mortality rates. Measures that cause a general reduction in background concentrations of air pollution may modestly help narrow socioeconomic differences in health. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12940-017-0314-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Jerrett, M;Burnett, RT;Hutchison, B
通讯作者：
Hutchison, B
影响因子：
6.3
作者：
Laurent, Olivier;Bard, Denis;Segala, Claire
通讯作者：
Segala, Claire
DOI：
10.1068/a33137
发表时间：
2001-06-01
期刊：
ENVIRONMENT AND PLANNING A
影响因子：
--
作者：
Jerrett, M;Burnett, RT;Brook, JR
通讯作者：
Brook, JR
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Chi GC;Hajat A;Bird CE;Cullen MR;Griffin BA;Miller KA;Shih RA;Stefanick ML;Vedal S;Whitsel EA;Kaufman JD
通讯作者：
Kaufman JD
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Huss, Anke;Spoerri, Adrian;Roeoesli, Martin
通讯作者：
Roeoesli, Martin