Changes and consistencies in marine and coastal bird numbers on Kidney Island (Falkland Islands) over half a century

Changes and consistencies in marine and coastal bird numbers on Kidney Island (Falkland Islands) over half a century
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半个世纪以来肾岛(福克兰群岛)海洋和沿海鸟类数量的变化和一致性

DOI:
10.1007/s00300-019-02587-0
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发表时间:
2019
期刊:
影响因子:
1.7
通讯作者:
Catry P
Catry P
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Catry P

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检测变化对于有效的生态系统管理是必要的,但许多极地和亚极地地区缺乏关键生态系统组成部分的时态数据。例如,尽管福克兰群岛拥有国际上重要的海洋和沿海鸟类种群,但直到二十世纪末才对其中的一些进行了调查。然而,1958 年至 1963 年间,对肾岛这个小岛的鸟类动物群进行了调查。这个典型的草莎草覆盖的岛屿一直没有外来掠食者,因此其鸟类动物群的变化可能反映了更广泛的海洋环境的变化。为了获得此类变化的罕见快照,我们在 2017 年至 2019 年间重新调查了肾岛的鸟类区系,统计了海洋和沿海水鸟的个体、繁殖对或巢穴。水禽、涉禽和鸬鹚种群总体稳定,但在过去六十年的调查中,一些种群表现出巨大差异。特别是,南跳岩企鹅Eudyptes chrysocome从超过3000对减少到200对,而乌灰鸥Ardenna grisea则增加了两个数量级。由于其孤立和严格的渔业管理,福克兰群岛的海洋环境被认为相对原始。我们有限的结果表明,该地区的海洋生态系统可能已经发生了足够的变化,对海鸟的繁殖产生了可检测到的影响。
Detecting change is necessary for effective ecosystem management, yet temporal data on key ecosystem components are lacking for many polar and subpolar regions. For example, although the Falkland Islands hosts internationally important marine and coastal bird populations, few of these were surveyed until the late twentieth century. The avifauna of one small island, Kidney Island, was surveyed between 1958 and 1963, however. This typical tussac-covered island has remained free of non-native predators, so changes in its avifauna may reflect variation in the wider marine environment. In order to obtain a rare snapshot of such changes, we re-surveyed Kidney Island’s avifauna between 2017 and 2019, counting either individuals, breeding pairs or nest sites of marine and coastal waterbirds. Waterfowl, waders and cormorant populations were broadly stable, but several populations showed profound differences over the six decades between surveys. In particular, Southern Rockhopper penguinsEudyptes chrysocomecollapsed from > 3000 to 200 pairs, while Sooty ShearwatersArdenna griseaexpanded by two orders of magnitude. Due to its isolation and tight fisheries management, the Falklands marine environment is assumed to be relatively pristine. Our limited results suggest that sufficient changes may nevertheless have occurred in the region’s marine ecosystem to have detectable impacts on breeding seabirds.
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