Microtubules induce self-organization of polarized PAR domains in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes.

Microtubules induce self-organization of polarized PAR domains in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncb2354
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发表时间:
2011-10-09
影响因子:
21.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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极化细胞的一个标志是PAR极性调节剂在细胞皮层的不对称结构域中的分离。涉及两个保守的激酶,非典型蛋白激酶C(aPKC)和PAR-1的拮抗相互作用,已被牵连在极性维持,但启动形成不对称PAR域的机制还不清楚。在这里,我们描述了精子捐赠的中心体的PAR蛋白在秀丽隐杆线虫受精卵的一个途径。在极化之前,皮质aPKC通过磷酸化排除PAR-1激酶及其结合伴侣PAR-2。在对称性破缺期间,由中心体成核的微管局部保护PAR-2免受aPKC的磷酸化,允许PAR-2和PAR-1进入最接近中心体的皮质。皮质PAR-1磷酸化PAR-3,导致PAR-3/aPKC复合物离开皮质。我们的研究结果说明了微管,肌动蛋白动力学的独立,刺激PAR蛋白的自组织提供本地保护,对全球的aPKC所施加的障碍。
A hallmark of polarized cells is the segregation of the PAR polarity regulators into asymmetric domains at the cell cortex. Antagonistic interactions involving two conserved kinases, atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) and PAR-1, have been implicated in polarity maintenance, but the mechanisms that initiate the formation of asymmetric PAR domains are not understood. Here, we describe one pathway used by the sperm-donated centrosome to polarize the PAR proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans zygotes. Before polarization, cortical aPKC excludes PAR-1 kinase and its binding partner PAR-2 by phosphorylation. During symmetry breaking, microtubules nucleated by the centrosome locally protect PAR-2 from phosphorylation by aPKC, allowing PAR-2 and PAR-1 to access the cortex nearest the centrosome. Cortical PAR-1 phosphorylates PAR-3, causing the PAR-3/aPKC complex to leave the cortex. Our findings illustrate how microtubules, independent of actin dynamics, stimulate the self-organization of PAR proteins by providing local protection against a global barrier imposed by aPKC.
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