Regulation of the MEX-5 gradient by a spatially segregated kinase/phosphatase cycle.

Regulation of the MEX-5 gradient by a spatially segregated kinase/phosphatase cycle.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.012
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发表时间:
2011-09-16
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
Seydoux G
Seydoux G
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Griffin EE;Odde DJ;Seydoux G

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Protein concentration gradients encode spatial information across cells and tissues, and often depend on spatially localized protein synthesis. Here, we report that a different mechanism underlies the MEX-5 gradient. MEX-5 is an RNA-binding protein that becomes distributed in a cytoplasmic gradient along the anterior-to-posterior axis of the 1-cell C. elegans embryo. We demonstrate that the MEX-5 gradient is a direct consequence of an underlying gradient in MEX-5 diffusion. The MEX-5 diffusion gradient arises when the PAR-1 kinase stimulates the release of MEX-5 from slow-diffusive, RNA-containing complexes in the posterior cytoplasm. PAR-1 directly phosphorylates MEX-5 and is antagonized by the spatially-uniform phosphatase PP2A. Mathematical modeling and in vivo observations demonstrate that spatially-segregated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are sufficient to generate stable protein concentration gradients in the cytoplasm. The principles demonstrated here apply to any spatially-segregated modification cycle that affects protein diffusion, and do not require protein synthesis or degradation.
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