Small RNAs, emerging regulators critical for the development of horticultural traits.
Small RNAs, emerging regulators critical for the development of horticultural traits.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41438-018-0072-8
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Xia R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen C;Zeng Z;Liu Z;Xia R
最近，小RNA(SRNAs)被认为是各种生物体中关键的遗传和表观遗传调节因子，从DNA和组蛋白甲基化的修饰到编码或非编码RNA丰度的调节。在植物中，主要的调控sRNAs可分为微RNA(MiRNA)和小干扰RNA(SiRNA)，前者主要参与转录后调控，后者主要参与转录调控。其中许多具有特征的sRNA参与调节不同的生物学程序、过程和途径，以响应发育线索、环境信号/胁迫、病原体感染和害虫攻击。近年来，sRNAs介导的调控在园艺植物中也得到了广泛的研究，发现了许多新的机制，与模式物种相比，这些机制表现出更多的机制复杂性和独特的调控功能。在这里，我们综述了园艺植物中sRNA的最新研究进展，重点是机理方面以及它们与性状调控的相关性。鉴于主要的和开创性的sRNA研究已经在模型和其他植物中进行，我们还讨论了正在进行的关于这些植物的sRNA研究。由于miRNAs和阶段性siRNAs(PhasiRNAs)是目前研究最多的两种sRNA调控因子，本文对其生物发生、保护、功能、靶向基因和性状以及它们之间的机制关系进行了综述，旨在为读者提供全面的信息，为园艺作物sRNA的研究提供参考。研究园艺植物中的小RNA可以揭示许多独特和有价值的性状背后的遗传机制，并有助于改进植物育种计划。小RNA，只有20-24个碱基长的短RNA分子，开启或关闭基因，控制植物生长、发育和繁殖的许多方面。它们在模式植物中得到了很好的研究，但在园艺物种中的研究才刚刚开始。在对园艺植物小RNA研究的综述中，南方中国农业大学的夏睿和他的同事报告说，园艺植物包含许多新的RNA，这些RNA掌握着果树从幼年到成年的转变、果实大小、果实质量和抗病等重要特征的关键。更好地了解这些miRNAs可能有助于设计出更早生产更美味水果的品种，以及增强对疾病的抵抗力。
Small RNAs (sRNAs) have been recently recognized as key genetic and epigenetic regulators in various organisms, ranging from the modification of DNA and histone methylations to the modulation of the abundance of coding or non-coding RNAs. In plants, major regulatory sRNAs are classified as respective microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) species, with the former primarily engaging in posttranscriptional regulation while the latter in transcriptional one. Many of these characterized sRNAs are involved in regulation of diverse biological programs, processes, and pathways in response to developmental cues, environmental signals/stresses, pathogen infection, and pest attacks. Recently, sRNAs-mediated regulations have also been extensively investigated in horticultural plants, with many novel mechanisms unveiled, which display far more mechanistic complexity and unique regulatory features compared to those studied in model species. Here, we review the recent progress of sRNA research in horticultural plants, with emphasis on mechanistic aspects as well as their relevance to trait regulation. Given that major and pioneered sRNA research has been carried out in the model and other plants, we also discuss ongoing sRNA research on these plants. Because miRNAs and phased siRNAs (phasiRNAs) are the most studied sRNA regulators, this review focuses on their biogenesis, conservation, function, and targeted genes and traits as well as the mechanistic relation between them, aiming at providing readers comprehensive information instrumental for future sRNA research in horticulture crops. Studying small RNAs in horticultural plants may reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying many unique and valuable traits, and help improve plant breeding programs. Small RNAs, short RNA molecules only 20–24 bases long, switch genes on or off to control many aspects of plant growth, development, and reproduction. They are well-studied in model plants, but are only just being investigated in horticultural species. In a review of small RNA research in horticultural plants, Rui Xia at South China Agricultural University and co-workers report that horticultural plants contain many novel sRNAs that hold the keys to important traits such as juvenile-to-adult transition in fruit trees, fruit size, fruit quality, and disease resistance. Better understanding of these miRNAs may help in engineering varieties with earlier production of tastier fruit, as well as enhanced resistance to disease.
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影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Ben-Gera, Hadas;Dafna, Asaf;Ori, Naomi
通讯作者：
Ori, Naomi
DOI：
10.1038/nrm4085
发表时间：
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期刊：
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影响因子：
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