The Chilling Effects of Surveillance and Human Rights: Insights from Qualitative Research in Uganda and Zimbabwe

The Chilling Effects of Surveillance and Human Rights: Insights from Qualitative Research in Uganda and Zimbabwe
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监视和人权的寒蝉效应:来自乌干达和津巴布韦定性研究的见解

DOI:
10.1093/jhuman/huad020
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Murray D
Murray D
中科院分区:
--
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作者:
Murray D

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各国正在越来越多地开发和部署大规模监视和人工智能分析能力。然而,不确定的是,这种监控将产生什么影响。这会不会导致一种令人不寒而栗的效果,即个人因为担心可能会出现的后果而改变自己的行为?理解任何这种影响都是至关重要的:如果监督活动干扰个人发展其身份的过程,或破坏民主进程,其后果在短期内可能几乎看不到,但从长期来看却是深远的。目前,与监测相关的寒蝉效应尚未得到很好的理解,这意味着对其潜在的全社会影响没有给予足够的重视。本文试图帮助纠正这种平衡。它借鉴了津巴布韦和乌干达的经验研究,强调了国家监督如何使行为变得冷酷,对个人发展和民主运作所必需的权利,特别是言论自由和集会自由的权利产生了重大影响。重要的是,这项定性研究确定了总体上与监视相关的共同主题或结果的模式,使我们能够超越假设或个人经验,并提供对监视相关影响的细微差别的更多了解,这有助于为围绕大规模数字监视的决策提供信息。
States are increasingly developing and deploying large scale surveillance and AI-enabled analytical capabilities. What is uncertain, however, is the impact this surveillance will have. Will it result in a chilling effect whereby individuals modify their behaviour due to the fear of the consequences that may follow? Understanding any such effect is essential: if surveillance activities interfere with the processes by which individuals develop their identity, or undermine democratic processes, the consequences may be almost imperceptible in the short term but profound over the long term. Currently, surveillance-related chilling effects are not well understood, meaning that insufficient weight is given to their potentially society-wide impacts. This article seeks to help redress this balance. Drawing on empirical research in Zimbabwe and Uganda it highlights how State surveillance has chilled behaviour, with significant implications for rights essential to individual development and democratic functioning, specifically the rights to freedom of expression and to freedom of assembly. Importantly, this qualitative research identifies a pattern of common themes or consequences associated with surveillance in general, allowing us to move beyond hypothetical or individual experiences, and providing a greater understanding of the nuances of surveillance-related effects that can help inform decision-making surrounding large scale digital surveillance.
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