Presynaptic calcium channels: specialized control of synaptic neurotransmitter release.

Presynaptic calcium channels: specialized control of synaptic neurotransmitter release.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41583-020-0278-2
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发表时间:
2020-04
期刊:
Nature reviews. Neuroscience
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lee A
Lee A
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Dolphin AC;Lee A

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化学突触是神经元之间形成的异质连接,专门用于将电脉冲转化为神经递质的胞外释放。电压门控Ca2+ (Cav)通道在这一过程中起着关键作用,因为它们是Ca2+离子触发含神经递质囊泡与突触前膜融合的主要通道。这些通道的内在功能的改变,以及它们在活动区内的位置,可以深刻地改变突触输出的时间和强度。光学和电子显微镜成像、结构生物学和分子技术的进步促进了我们对Cav通道特性的理解,这些特性支持其突触前功能。在这里,我们研究了这些通道的性质,它们是如何被运输到突触前钮扣中并锚定的,以及使它们在形成通过神经回路的信息流方面发挥最佳作用的机制。
Chemical synapses are heterogeneous junctions formed between neurons that are specialized for the conversion of electrical impulses into the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters. Voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav) channels play a pivotal role in this process as they are the major conduits for the Ca2+ ions that trigger the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing vesicles with the presynaptic membrane. Alterations in the intrinsic function of these channels, and their positioning within the active zone can profoundly alter the timing and strength of synaptic output. Advances in optical and electron microscopic imaging, structural biology and molecular techniques have facilitated recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the properties of Cav channels that support their presynaptic functions. Here we examine the nature of these channels, how they are trafficked to and anchored within presynaptic boutons, and the mechanisms that allow them to function optimally in shaping the flow of information through neural circuits.
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