How deep does justice go? Addressing ecological, indigenous, and infrastructural justice through nature-based solutions in New York City

How deep does justice go? Addressing ecological, indigenous, and infrastructural justice through nature-based solutions in New York City
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正义到底有多深?

DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2022.09.022
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
6
通讯作者:
McPhearson, Timon
McPhearson, Timon
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Grabowski, Zbigniew Jakub;Wijsman, Katinka;Tomateo, Claudia;McPhearson, Timon

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基于自然的解决方案(NbS)奖学金主要关注NbS从网络化的自然系统中为人类和生物多样性带来多重利益的潜力。这些方法,如果没有对当地情况和历史的敏感性,可能会加深长期存在的不公正现象,这些不公正现象是由于破坏复杂的自组织生态系统、篡夺土著治理和知识以及优先考虑将自然转化为基础设施的技术管理方法而造成的。在这里,我们回顾,综合,并批判性地反思现有的奖学金在纽约市,美国的NbS的崛起,为环境政策提供信息,以支持复杂的城市系统的公正转型。要做到这一点,我们研究NbS的背景下,纽约市的社会生态技术系统(SETS)。我们组织我们的审查和综合正义的三个相互关联的概念:生态,土著环境,和非结构性正义。生态正义需要解决生态行为者的危害,需求和期望的未来,同时确定与人类关注的环境正义问题和运动的协同作用。土著环境正义要求恢复土著治理和知识体系,同时为边缘化社区的社会生态做法的多样性创造空间。非结构性正义通过主流基础设施政策和设计实践(包括环境正义问题)解决了历史和持续存在的不公正,这些政策和设计实践越来越多地转向NBS。如果不将这些原则嵌入到新兴的以NBS为重点的环境政策议程中,寻求公正的转变,他们可能会重新创造功利主义,以人为本和殖民模式的管理自然基础设施。最后,我们提出了一个从研究到行动的议程,以满足城市生态系统和人类相互依存的需求。
Scholarship on Nature-based Solutions (NbS) primarily focuses on the potential for NbS to deliver multiple benefits to humans and biodiversity from networked natural systems. These approaches, if enacted without sensitivity to local contexts and histories, can deepen long standing injustices resulting from the destruction of complex self-organizing ecological systems, the usurpation of Indigenous governance and knowledge, and the prioritization of technical managerial approaches transforming nature into infrastructure. Here we review, synthesize, and critically reflect on existing scholarship on the rise of NbS in New York City, USA, to inform environmental policy in support of just transformations of complex urban systems. To do so, we examine NbS within the context of the social-ecological-technological system (SETS) of NYC. We organize our review and synthesis around three interrelated concepts of justice: Ecological, Indigenous Environmental, and Infrastructural Justice. Ecological Justice entails addressing the harms, needs, and desired futures of ecological actors while identifying synergies with human focused environmental justice concerns and movements. Indigenous Environmental Justice requires restoring Indigenous systems of governance and knowledge while making space for a diversity of social-ecological practices of marginalized communities. Infrastructural Justice addresses the historical and ongoing injustices perpetuated through mainstream infrastructure policy and design practice – including Environmental Justice concerns – which have increasingly turned towards NbS. Without embedding these principles within emergent NbS focused environmental policy agendas seeking just transformations, they will likely recreate utilitarian, anthropocentric, and colonial modes of managing nature as infrastructure. We conclude with a research-to-action agenda for meeting the interdependent needs of urban ecosystems and humans.
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