Fairness in Algorithmic Policing

Fairness in Algorithmic Policing
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算法监管的公平性

DOI:
10.1017/apa.2021.39
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Purves, Duncan
Purves, Duncan
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Purves, Duncan

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预测性警务,即利用算法系统预测犯罪的实践,被警察部门誉为犯罪分析的新前沿。与此同时,它也遭到民权团体、学者和媒体的反对,因为它“有偏见”,因此歧视有色人种社区。本文认为,目前对种族偏见的关注已经掩盖了两个规范性因素,这两个因素对于全面评估预测性警务的道德允许性至关重要:警务利益和负担的社会分配的公平性以及同意在确定公平分配中的独特作用。当这些规范因素得到应有的关注时,公平实施预测性警务就会出现一些要求。这些要求包括警察部门向受影响社区通报战略决策并征求其支持,以及各部门赞成非执法性干预措施。
Predictive policing, the practice of using of algorithmic systems to forecast crime, is heralded by police departments as the new frontier of crime analysis. At the same time, it is opposed by civil rights groups, academics, and media outlets for being ‘biased’ and therefore discriminatory against communities of color. This paper argues that the prevailing focus on racial bias has overshadowed two normative factors that are essential to a full assessment of the moral permissibility of predictive policing: fairness in the social distribution of the benefits and burdens of policing as well as the distinctive role of consent in determining fair distribution. When these normative factors are given their due attention, several requirements emerge for the fair implementation of predictive policing. Among these requirements are that police departments inform and solicit buy-in from affected communities about strategic decision-making and that departments favor non-enforcement-oriented interventions.
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