EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies.

EBV-associated diseases: Current therapeutics and emerging technologies.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059133
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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EBV是一种流行的病毒,感染着世界上90%的人口。这是一种致癌病毒,每年导致约20万人死于癌症。此外,它也是自身免疫性疾病负担的一个重要因素。因此,EBV是一个重大的公共卫生负担。一旦感染,EBV在宿主细胞中休眠很长一段时间。然而,病毒的存在或周期性的重新激活增加了将健康细胞转化为恶性细胞的风险,这些细胞通常会逃脱宿主的免疫监视或产生致病性自身抗体。由EBV引起的癌症与那些不是由EBV引起的相同组织类型的癌症相比,表现出不同的分子行为,这为靶向治疗提供了机会。尽管疫苗、抗病毒药物以及免疫和细胞治疗的探索取得了一些令人鼓舞的结果,但大多数疗法的有效性和安全性仍不清楚。在这里,我们提供了最新的综述,重点是潜在的免疫和环境机制,当前的治疗方法和疫苗,动物模型和新兴技术,以研究EBV相关疾病,可能有助于为开发新的有效治疗方法提供见解。
EBV is a prevalent virus, infecting >90% of the world’s population. This is an oncogenic virus that causes ~200,000 cancer-related deaths annually. It is, in addition, a significant contributor to the burden of autoimmune diseases. Thus, EBV represents a significant public health burden. Upon infection, EBV remains dormant in host cells for long periods of time. However, the presence or episodic reactivation of the virus increases the risk of transforming healthy cells to malignant cells that routinely escape host immune surveillance or of producing pathogenic autoantibodies. Cancers caused by EBV display distinct molecular behaviors compared to those of the same tissue type that are not caused by EBV, presenting opportunities for targeted treatments. Despite some encouraging results from exploration of vaccines, antiviral agents and immune- and cell-based treatments, the efficacy and safety of most therapeutics remain unclear. Here, we provide an up-to-date review focusing on underlying immune and environmental mechanisms, current therapeutics and vaccines, animal models and emerging technologies to study EBV-associated diseases that may help provide insights for the development of novel effective treatments.
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