Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis: the role of the caudal genes.

Patterning of the embryo along the anterior-posterior axis: the role of the caudal genes.
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胚胎沿前后轴的图案:尾部基因的作用。

DOI:
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发表时间:
1997
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
A. Fainsod
A. Fainsod
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
M. Epstein;G. Pillemer;Ronit Yelin;J. Yisraeli;A. Fainsod

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在原肠胚形成和早期神经胚形成期间,沿着前-后轴沿着形成图案。同源异型盒基因如Otx-2和Hox家族的成员参与了这一过程。果蝇和C.已经显示出秀丽线虫决定了后面的命运。在脊椎动物中,尾侧基因开始表达于原肠胚形成期间,并且它们占据一个较后的位置。通过注射爪蟾尾侧基因Xcad-2的正义和反义RNA,我们研究了沿前后轴沿着同源框基因之间的调节相互作用。最初,Xcad-2和Otx-2基因是相互抑制的,并且在原肠胚形成后期,它们分别标记胚胎的最后或最前区域。在晚期原肠胚形成和神经胚形成期间,Xcad-2相对于Hox基因发挥额外的调节功能。Hox基因正常表达的前部被Xcad-2过表达抑制,而那些正常表达的后部表现出更多的前部表达。结果表明,尾部基因是一个后决定网络的一部分,在早期原肠胚形成的功能,在细分成前头和躯干领域的胚胎。后来在原肠胚形成和神经胚形成中,这些基因在躯干区域的模式中发挥作用。
Patterning along the anterior-posterior axis takes place during gastrulation and early neurulation. Homeobox genes like Otx-2 and members of the Hox family have been implicated in this process. The caudal genes in Drosophila and C. elegans have been shown to determine posterior fates. In vertebrates, the caudal genes begin their expression during gastrulation and they take up a posterior position. By injecting sense and antisense RNA of the Xenopus caudal gene Xcad-2, we have studied a number of regulatory interactions among homeobox genes along the anterior-posterior axis. Initially, the Xcad-2 and Otx-2 genes are mutually repressed and, by late gastrulation, they mark the posterior- or anterior-most domains of the embryo, respectively. During late gastrulation and neurulation, Xcad-2 plays an additional regulatory function in relation to the Hox genes. Hox genes normally expressed anteriorly are repressed by Xcad-2 overexpression while those normally expressed posteriorly exhibit more anterior expression. The results show that the caudal genes are part of a posterior determining network which during early gastrulation functions in the subdivision of the embryo into anterior head and trunk domains. Later in gastrulation and neurulation these genes play a role in the patterning of the trunk region.
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