Cognitive function is associated with risk aversion in community-based older persons.
Cognitive function is associated with risk aversion in community-based older persons.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2318-11-53
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发表时间：
2011-09-11
期刊：
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Bennett DA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boyle PA;Yu L;Buchman AS;Laibson DI;Bennett DA
来自年轻人和中年人的新数据表明，认知能力与风险规避呈负相关，但这种关联尚未在认知功能丧失风险高的老年人中进行研究。使用数据从369社区居住的老年人没有痴呆症的拉什记忆和老龄化项目，正在进行的纵向流行病学研究老化，我们检查了风险厌恶的相关性和测试的假设，认知是负相关的风险厌恶。通过详细的认知测试来测量整体认知和五种特定的认知能力，并使用标准的行为经济学问题来测量风险规避，其中参与者被要求在一定的货币支付（15美元）与赌博之间做出选择，他们可以获得超过15美元或一无所获。潜在的赌博收益从21.79美元到151.19美元不等，收益金额随问题随机变化。我们首先检查了年龄、教育、性别、收入和认知与风险厌恶的双变量关联。接下来，我们通过调整年龄，性别，教育和收入的混合模型来研究认知和风险厌恶之间的关联。最后，我们进行了敏感性分析，以确保我们的结果不是由临床前认知障碍的人驱动的。在双变量分析中，性别，教育，收入和全球认知与风险规避有关。然而，在混合效应模型中，只有性别（估计值=-1.49，SE = 0.39，p < 0.001）和整体认知功能（估计值=-1.05，SE = 0.34，p < 0.003）与风险厌恶显著负相关。因此，较低水平的整体认知功能和女性性别与更大的风险规避。此外，五个认知领域中有四个领域的表现与风险规避呈负相关（即，语义记忆、情景记忆、工作记忆和知觉速度）;视觉空间能力的表现则不然。认知能力水平较低和女性性别与老年人更大的风险规避有关。
Emerging data from younger and middle-aged persons suggest that cognitive ability is negatively associated with risk aversion, but this association has not been studied among older persons who are at high risk of experiencing loss of cognitive function. Using data from 369 community-dwelling older persons without dementia from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, an ongoing longitudinal epidemiologic study of aging, we examined the correlates of risk aversion and tested the hypothesis that cognition is negatively associated with risk aversion. Global cognition and five specific cognitive abilities were measured via detailed cognitive testing, and risk aversion was measured using standard behavioral economics questions in which participants were asked to choose between a certain monetary payment ($15) versus a gamble in which they could gain more than $15 or gain nothing; potential gamble gains ranged from $21.79 to $151.19 with the gain amounts varied randomly over questions. We first examined the bivariate associations of age, education, sex, income and cognition with risk aversion. Next, we examined the associations between cognition and risk aversion via mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, and income. Finally, we conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure that our results were not driven by persons with preclinical cognitive impairment. In bivariate analyses, sex, education, income and global cognition were associated with risk aversion. However, in a mixed effect model, only sex (estimate = -1.49, standard error (SE) = 0.39, p < 0.001) and global cognitive function (estimate = -1.05, standard error (SE) = 0.34, p < 0.003) were significantly inversely associated with risk aversion. Thus, a lower level of global cognitive function and female sex were associated with greater risk aversion. Moreover, performance on four out of the five cognitive domains was negatively related to risk aversion (i.e., semantic memory, episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed); performance on visuospatial abilities was not. A lower level of cognitive ability and female sex are associated with greater risk aversion in advanced age.
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DOI：
10.1016/s0193-2306(08)00003-3
发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
RISK AVERSION IN EXPERIMENTS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Harrison, Glenn W.;Rutstroem, E. Elisabet
通讯作者：
Rutstroem, E. Elisabet
影响因子：
1.9
作者：
STIRATELLI, R;LAIRD, N;WARE, JH
通讯作者：
WARE, JH
DOI：
10.1257/aer.99.2.363
发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
The American economic review
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kimball MS;Sahm CR;Shapiro MD
通讯作者：
Shapiro MD
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Henninger, Debra E.;Madden, David J.;Huettel, Scott A.
通讯作者：
Huettel, Scott A.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Bennett, DA;Schneider, JA;Wilson, RS
通讯作者：
Wilson, RS