The binding mode of orphan glycyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA supports the synthetase classification and reveals large domain movements.

The binding mode of orphan glycyl-tRNA synthetase with tRNA supports the synthetase classification and reveals large domain movements.
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DOI:
10.1126/sciadv.adf1027
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发表时间:
2023-02-10
期刊:
影响因子:
13.6
通讯作者:
Zhou, Huihao
Zhou, Huihao
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Han, Lu;Luo, Zhiteng;Ju, Yingchen;Chen, Bingyi;Zou, Taotao;Wang, Junjian;Xu, Jun;Gu, Qiong;Yang, Xiang-Lei;Schimmel, Paul;Zhou, Huihao

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氨酰-tRNA合成酶(aaRSs)作为蛋白质翻译过程中一类必需的酶,基于两种保守的活性位点结构,被分为两类,每类各有10种酶。许多细菌中的(αβ)₂甘氨酰 - tRNA合成酶(GlyRS)是一种孤儿aaRS,其序列和前所未有的X形结构与所有其他aaRSs都不同,包括许多其他细菌以及所有真核生物的GlyRSs。在此,我们报道了一种共晶结构,以阐明孤儿GlyRS家族如何特异性识别其底物tRNA。这种结构与其他aaRS - tRNA复合物的结构截然不同,但符合在常规结构中发现的无冲突、跨类aaRS - tRNA对接模式,并强化了类别重建范式。此外,值得注意的是,孤儿GlyRS的X形状伴随着aaRSs捕获tRNAs所需的已知最大空间重排而收缩,这为针对aaRS的抗生素提示了潜在的非活性位点靶点,而非区分度较低且难以成药的活性位点位置。 孤儿GlyRS - tRNA复合物的共晶结构为aaRS分类和抗生素发现提供了见解。
As a class of essential enzymes in protein translation, aminoacyl–transfer RNA (tRNA) synthetases (aaRSs) are organized into two classes of 10 enzymes each, based on two conserved active site architectures. The (αβ)2 glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS) in many bacteria is an orphan aaRS whose sequence and unprecedented X-shaped structure are distinct from those of all other aaRSs, including many other bacterial and all eukaryotic GlyRSs. Here, we report a cocrystal structure to elucidate how the orphan GlyRS kingdom specifically recognizes its substrate tRNA. This structure is sharply different from those of other aaRS-tRNA complexes but conforms to the clash-free, cross-class aaRS-tRNA docking found with conventional structures and reinforces the class-reconstruction paradigm. In addition, noteworthy, the X shape of orphan GlyRS is condensed with the largest known spatial rearrangement needed by aaRSs to capture tRNAs, which suggests potential nonactive site targets for aaRS-directed antibiotics, instead of less differentiated hard-to-drug active site locations. Cocrystal structure of orphan GlyRS-tRNA complex provides insights into aaRS classifications and antibiotics discovery.
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