What future for the voluntary carbon offset market after Paris? An explorative study based on the Discursive Agency Approach
What future for the voluntary carbon offset market after Paris? An explorative study based on the Discursive Agency Approach
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巴黎峰会之后自愿碳补偿市场的未来是什么？
DOI：
10.1080/14693062.2018.1556152
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Sina Leipold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Lang;Mareike Blum;Sina Leipold
摘要《巴黎协定》开启了国际气候治理的新时代。然而，《协定》的执行规则手册仍在谈判之中。在从《京都议定书》向《巴黎协定》下的新制度过渡期间，许多非国家行为者面临着高度的不确定性。特别是，自愿碳市场的参与者正在努力界定自己的新角色。在发展中国家生产碳信用额并在其他地方出售的商业模式受到了威胁。尽管自愿市场的财政意义和实现的减排量有限，但其作为创新孵化器的作用使其成为非国家减缓机制的突出代表。因此，我们要求：《巴黎协定》的制度变化将对自愿碳抵消市场（VCM）产生什么影响，它将如何应对这些影响？本研究分析的看法，和反应，新的监管环境内的VCM。我们运用话语代理方法来审视VCM中涉及的机构、话语和有影响力的代理人，以及他们在管理向巴黎政权过渡时所采用的战略实践。我们发现了两个主要的应对策略：使自愿抵消机制与巴黎协定保持一致，并将其总体目标重新定义为实现可持续发展的工具，而不仅仅是减排。基于这些结果，我们概述了未来VCM的“思想空间”：（1）自愿和非缔约方抵消国家自主贡献（NDCs），（2）基于结果的减排和可持续发展融资，以及（3）国际监督下的私人气候行动。《巴黎协定》威胁到VCM的商业模式，促使市场代理人以新的方式构建其工作并使其合法化。自愿市场的可行性取决于《巴黎协定》第6条规定的未来减排核算规则。围绕重复计算和NDC野心的风险进行的争论。基于对过去的理解，我们可以从代理人试图在新的巴黎协定下重新合法化其角色的尝试中吸取教训;他们的未来愿景将塑造关于这一新生制度的辩论。
ABSTRACT The Paris Agreement heralds a new era in international climate governance. Yet, the Agreement's implementation rulebook is still under negotiation. During this transition, from the Kyoto Protocol to the new regime under the Paris Agreement, many non-state actors are facing a high level of uncertainty. In particular, actors in the voluntary carbon market are struggling to define their new role. The business model of producing carbon credits in developing countries and selling them elsewhere is threatened. Although its financial significance and achieved emission reductions are limited, the voluntary market's role as an incubator for innovation has made it a prominent representative of non-state mitigation mechanisms. Therefore, we ask: What effects will the regime change to the Paris Agreement have on the voluntary carbon offset market (VCM) and how does it react to these effects? This study analyses perceptions of, and reactions to, the new regulatory environment within the VCM. We apply the Discursive Agency Approach to scrutinize the institutions, discourses and influential agents involved in the VCM, and the strategic practices they apply to manage the transition towards the Paris regime. We find two dominant coping strategies: to align the voluntary offsetting mechanism with the Paris Agreement, and to re-invent its overall purpose as a tool to deliver sustainable development rather than solely emission reductions. Based on these results, we outline ‘thought spaces’ for a future VCM: (1) voluntary and non-party offsetting beyond nationally determined contributions (NDCs), (2) results-based financing for emission reductions and sustainable development, and (3) private climate action under international oversight. Key policy insights The Paris Agreement threatens the VCM's business model, prompting market agents to frame and legitimize their work in new ways. The voluntary market's viability depends on the future accounting rules for emission reductions under Paris Agreement Article 6. Discursive struggles surround the risks of double counting and NDC ambitions. Based on an understanding of the past, we can draw lessons from agents’ attempts to re-legitimize their role under the new Paris Agreement; their future visions will shape the debates about this nascent regime.
分而治之——美国非法采伐政治中的话语机构
DOI：
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.11.006
发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Leipold;Winkel
通讯作者：
Winkel
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Winkel;Leipold
通讯作者：
Leipold