Modulatory effects of polyphenols on apoptosis induction: relevance for cancer prevention.
Modulatory effects of polyphenols on apoptosis induction: relevance for cancer prevention.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms9030213
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发表时间：
2008-03
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Giovannini, Claudio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Archivio, Massimo;Santangelo, Carmela;Scazzocchio, Beatrice;Vari, Rosaria;Filesi, Carmela;Masella, Roberta;Giovannini, Claudio
多酚存在于水果和蔬菜、葡萄酒、茶叶、特级初榨橄榄油、巧克力和其他可可产品中，已被证明在体外具有明确的抗氧化性能，其许多生物学作用被归因于其内在的还原能力。然而，很明显，在复杂的生物系统中，多酚表现出一些额外的性质，但人们对这些性质知之甚少。细胞凋亡是一种遗传控制和进化保守的细胞死亡形式，对成年生物体的正常胚胎发育和组织动态平衡的维持至关重要。死亡机制的故障可能在各种病理过程中发挥主要作用，因为太少或太多的细胞凋亡分别会导致增生性或退行性疾病。癌细胞的特征是不受控制的增殖，和/或无法经历细胞程序性死亡。大量证据表明，多酚对不同器官的肿瘤具有化学预防作用，通过抑制DNA合成、调节ROS产生、调节细胞周期停滞、调节生存/增殖途径等多种机制影响肿瘤发生的全过程。此外，多酚还可以直接影响细胞凋亡过程的不同点，和/或调节蛋白的表达。虽然大部分数据是在体外系统中获得的，但一些临床研究表明，多酚在体内具有预防和治疗效果。然而，有必要更深入地了解多酚类物质调节细胞凋亡的潜在机制，以及它们的实际有效性，以便将它们作为潜在的癌症预防和化疗候选药物。
Polyphenols, occurring in fruit and vegetables, wine, tea, extra virgin olive oil, chocolate and other cocoa products, have been demonstrated to have clear antioxidant properties in vitro, and many of their biological actions have been attributed to their intrinsic reducing capabilities. However, it has become clear that, in complex biological systems, polyphenols exhibit several additional properties which are yet poorly understood. Apoptosis is a genetically controlled and evolutionarily conserved form of cell death of critical importance for the normal embryonic development and for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the adult organism. The malfunction of the death machinery may play a primary role in various pathological processes, since too little or too much apoptosis can lead to proliferative or degenerative diseases, respectively. Cancer cells are characterized by a deregulated proliferation, and/or an inability to undergo programmed cell death. A large body of evidence indicates that polyphenols can exert chemopreventive effects towards different organ specific cancers, affecting the overall process of carcinogenesis by several mechanisms: inhibition of DNA synthesis, modulation of ROS production, regulation of cell cycle arrest, modulation of survival/proliferation pathways. In addition, polyphenols can directly influence different points of the apoptotic process, and/or the expression of regulatory proteins. Although the bulk of data has been obtained in in vitro systems, a number of clinical studies suggesting a preventive and therapeutic effectiveness of polyphenols in vivo is available. However, a deeper knowledge of the underlying mechanisms responsible for the modulation of apoptosis by polyphenols, and their real effectiveness, is necessary in order to propose them as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic candidates for cancer treatment.
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