Drinking Water Quality Governance: A Comparative Case Study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi.
Drinking Water Quality Governance: A Comparative Case Study of Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envsci.2014.12.019
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Bentley, Margaret E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kayser, Georgia L.;Amjad, Urooj;Dalcanale, Fernanda;Bartram, Jamie;Bentley, Margaret E.
关键词：
特别是在低收入和中等收入国家，人类健康受到无法获得充足和安全饮用水的严重影响。改善饮用水管理可能是改善饮用水质量的一种方法。在过去的十年里，许多项目和国际组织致力于水治理；然而，饮用水部门的水治理研究不足，如何改善水治理仍不清楚。我们分析了巴西、厄瓜多尔和马拉维这三个国家政府、服务提供者和民间社会组织认为的饮用水治理挑战。采用混合方法：采用聚类模型进行国家选择，在数据收集中采用直接观察的定性半结构化访谈。聚类模型综合了影响水部门绩效的政治、经济、社会和环境变量，对国家进行分组。采用该模型选取巴西、厄瓜多尔和马拉维三国，以增强结果的可推广性。这种比较案例研究很重要，因为在每个国家的饮用水部门都发现了类似的挑战；同时，这些国家代表了不同的社会经济和政治背景，选择过程为我们的结果提供了普遍性。我们发现，如果某些水治理挑战得到解决，安全用水的获取可以得到改善：处理饮用水服务的部委之间的协调和数据共享；监察及执行水质法例；有足够的技术能力来改善地方一级供水服务的行政和技术管理。通过对实地研究的分析，我们还制定了一个概念性框架，确定了可用于影响国家和国家以下各级饮用水质量治理的政策杠杆，以及这些杠杆之间的关系。
Human health is greatly affected by inadequate access to sufficient and safe drinking water, especially in low and middle-income countries. Drinking water governance improvements may be one way to better drinking water quality. Over the past decade, many projects and international organizations have been dedicated to water governance; however, water governance in the drinking water sector is understudied and how to improve water governance remains unclear. We analyze drinking water governance challenges in three countries—Brazil, Ecuador, and Malawi—as perceived by government, service providers, and civil society organizations. A mixed methods approach was used: a clustering model was used for country selection and qualitative semi-structured interviews were used with direct observation in data collection. The clustering model integrated political, economic, social and environmental variables that impact water sector performance, to group countries. Brazil, Ecuador and Malawi were selected with the model so as to enhance the generalizability of the results. This comparative case study is important because similar challenges are identified in the drinking water sectors of each country; while, the countries represent diverse socio-economic and political contexts, and the selection process provides generalizability to our results. We find that access to safe water could be improved if certain water governance challenges were addressed: coordination and data sharing between ministries that deal with drinking water services; monitoring and enforcement of water quality laws; and sufficient technical capacity to improve administrative and technical management of water services at the local level. From an analysis of our field research, we also developed a conceptual framework that identifies policy levers that could be used to influence governance of drinking water quality on national and sub-national levels, and the relationships between these levers.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Clasen, Thomas;Pruss-Ustun, Annette;Colford, John M., Jr.
通讯作者：
Colford, John M., Jr.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Bisaro, Alexander;Hinkel, Jochen;Kranz, Nicole
通讯作者：
Kranz, Nicole
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Hunter PR;MacDonald AM;Carter RC
通讯作者：
Carter RC
影响因子：
6
作者：
Knieper, C.;Holtz, G.;Pahl-Wostl, C.
通讯作者：
Pahl-Wostl, C.
影响因子：
6
作者：
Kranz, Nicole;Menniken, Timo;Hinkel, Jochen
通讯作者：
Hinkel, Jochen