Marine cloud brightening.
Marine cloud brightening.
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.2012.0086
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发表时间：
2012-09-13
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wood R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Latham J;Bower K;Choularton T;Coe H;Connolly P;Cooper G;Craft T;Foster J;Gadian A;Galbraith L;Iacovides H;Johnston D;Launder B;Leslie B;Meyer J;Neukermans A;Ormond B;Parkes B;Rasch P;Rush J;Salter S;Stevenson T;Wang H;Wang Q;Wood R
海洋云增亮（MCB）地球工程技术背后的想法是，用大量大致单分散的亚微米海水颗粒播种海洋层积云可能会显着提高云滴数量浓度，从而提高云反照率并可能延长寿命。这将产生冷却，大气环流模型（GCM）计算表明，在本文确定的技术和科学问题得到令人满意的解决的情况下，这种冷却有能力平衡全球变暖至二氧化碳倍增点。我们在此描述了我们最近对与 MCB 相关的一些关键问题的研究。这涉及 (i) GCM 研究，这是我们在全球范围内评估 MCB 有效性的主要工具，并评估其对降雨量和分布以及极地海冰覆盖和厚度的气候影响； (ii) 播种对海洋层积云影响的高分辨率建模，这是了解云增亮所涉及的一系列复杂的相互作用过程所必需的； (iii) 微物理模型敏感性研究，检查播种量、种子颗粒盐质量、空气质量特征、上升气流速度和其他参数对云反照率变化的影响； (iv) 海水喷雾生产技术； (v) 对弗莱特纳转子中可能的大尺度周期性进行计算流体动力学研究； (vi) 规划一个三阶段的有限区域实地研究实验，其主要目标是技术测试并确定通过在大约 100×100km 的空间尺度上播种海洋层积云可以在多大程度上（如果有的话）增强云反照率。我们强调，除非明确确定不会造成重大不利后果，否则没有理由部署 MCB。还需要达成一项坚决支持此类行动的国际协议。
The idea behind the marine cloud-brightening (MCB) geoengineering technique is that seeding marine stratocumulus clouds with copious quantities of roughly monodisperse sub-micrometre sea water particles might significantly enhance the cloud droplet number concentration, and thereby the cloud albedo and possibly longevity. This would produce a cooling, which general circulation model (GCM) computations suggest could—subject to satisfactory resolution of technical and scientific problems identified herein—have the capacity to balance global warming up to the carbon dioxide-doubling point. We describe herein an account of our recent research on a number of critical issues associated with MCB. This involves (i) GCM studies, which are our primary tools for evaluating globally the effectiveness of MCB, and assessing its climate impacts on rainfall amounts and distribution, and also polar sea-ice cover and thickness; (ii) high-resolution modelling of the effects of seeding on marine stratocumulus, which are required to understand the complex array of interacting processes involved in cloud brightening; (iii) microphysical modelling sensitivity studies, examining the influence of seeding amount, seed-particle salt-mass, air-mass characteristics, updraught speed and other parameters on cloud–albedo change; (iv) sea water spray-production techniques; (v) computational fluid dynamics studies of possible large-scale periodicities in Flettner rotors; and (vi) the planning of a three-stage limited-area field research experiment, with the primary objectives of technology testing and determining to what extent, if any, cloud albedo might be enhanced by seeding marine stratocumulus clouds on a spatial scale of around 100×100 km. We stress that there would be no justification for deployment of MCB unless it was clearly established that no significant adverse consequences would result. There would also need to be an international agreement firmly in favour of such action.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Bretherton, C. S.;Blossey, P. N.;Uchida, J.
通讯作者：
Uchida, J.
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Ackerman, Andrew S.;vanZanten, Margreet C.;Zulauf, Mike
通讯作者：
Zulauf, Mike
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
COAKLEY, JA;BERNSTEIN, RL;DURKEE, PA
通讯作者：
DURKEE, PA
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
Bower, Keith;Choularton, Tom;Salter, Stephen
通讯作者：
Salter, Stephen
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
CROWLEY, JM
通讯作者：
CROWLEY, JM