Traumatic Resin Ducts in Alaska Mountain Hemlock Trees Provide a New Proxy for Winter Storminess
Traumatic Resin Ducts in Alaska Mountain Hemlock Trees Provide a New Proxy for Winter Storminess
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阿拉斯加山铁杉树上的创伤性树脂管为冬季暴风雨提供了新的替代物
DOI：
10.1029/2018jg004849
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Andreu‐Hayles, Laia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gaglioti, Benjamin V.;Mann, Daniel H.;Williams, A. Park;Wiles, Gregory C.;Stoffel, Markus;Oelkers, Rose;Jones, Benjamin M.;Andreu‐Hayles, Laia
冬季是陆面反馈和生态系统过程的关键季节;然而，大多数高纬度古环境重建对寒冷季节条件视而不见。在这里，我们介绍了一个冬季敏感的，古代理记录，是基于相对频率的切向行的创伤树脂管（TRD）的山铁杉（Tsuga mertensiana）生长在阿拉斯加东南部的树线附近的年轮。铁杉在其年轮的早材部分产生一排TRD，以应对冬季形成层的破坏。TRD生产的几十年的回合之后，增长领导者更换，反应木材的形成，并在风暴破坏的树木和较少暴露的山区铁杉林之间的径向生长的分歧。这些模式是一致的TRD是一种对树木的冰和暴风雪造成的损害，在这些网站的krummholz树架构支持的结论。我们的TRD记录与冬季阿留申低（AL）压力系统的强度之间的显著相关性进一步证实了这种关系，该系统与阿拉斯加东南部的风，降水和冰暴强度等树木破坏因子有关。结合TRD/krummholz架构记录表明，强和弱AL阶段之间的突然转变发生在CE 1700年以来，每几十年，19世纪有相对较长的AL阶段与大雪。除了描述北美西北部冬季气候变化的幅度和克里思外，这些结果还表明，北太平洋年代际变率是东北太平洋沿岸沿着树木生态系统长期动态的基础。
Winter is a critical season for land‐surface feedbacks and ecosystem processes; however, most high‐latitude paleo‐environmental reconstructions are blind to cold season conditions. Here we introduce a winter‐sensitive, paleo‐proxy record that is based on the relative frequency of tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts (TRDs) in the annual growth rings of mountain hemlocks (Tsuga mertensiana) growing near treeline in Southeast Alaska. Hemlocks produce a row of TRDs in the earlywood portion of their annual rings in response to cambial damage incurred during winter. Multidecadal bouts of TRD production were followed by growth‐leader replacement, reaction wood formation, and divergence in radial growth between storm‐damaged trees and less exposed mountain hemlock forests. These patterns are consistent with TRDs being a response to tree damage caused by ice and snowstorms, a conclusion supported by the krummholz tree architecture at these sites. This relationship is further corroborated by significant correlations between our TRD record and the strength of the wintertime Aleutian Low (AL) pressure system that is linked to tree‐damaging agents like wind, precipitation, and ice storm strength in Southeast Alaska. The combined TRD/krummholz architecture record indicates that abrupt shifts between strong and weak AL phases occurred every several decades since CE 1700 and that the 1800s had relatively long AL phases with heavy snowpacks. In addition to describing the magnitude and tempo of wintertime climate change in Northwestern North America, these results suggest that North Pacific Decadal Variability underlies the long‐term dynamics of treeline ecosystems along the northeast Pacific coast.
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