Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors.
Stressful life experiences, alcohol consumption, and alcohol use disorders: the epidemiologic evidence for four main types of stressors.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-011-2236-1
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发表时间：
2011-11
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hasin, Deborah S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keyes, Katherine M.;Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.;Hasin, Deborah S.
暴露于压力在酒精使用和酒精使用障碍的途径中可能很重要。压力源发生在生命过程中的多个时间点，具有不同程度的慢性和严重性。我们回顾了四种不同压力源（致命/灾难性事件，虐待儿童，人际关系，职业，财务和法律的领域的常见成人压力生活事件，以及少数民族压力）与酒精消费和酒精使用障碍之间关系的流行病学研究证据。研究普遍表明，面对恐怖主义或其他灾难，酒精消费量会增加。研究表明，酒精使用障碍事件几乎没有增加，但有酒精使用障碍史的人更有可能报告饮酒以科普创伤事件。儿童期虐待是青少年早期饮酒和成人酒精使用障碍的一个一致的风险因素，越来越多的证据表明，特定的多态性可能与儿童虐待相互作用，增加饮酒和障碍的风险。压力生活事件，如离婚和失业增加了酒精障碍的风险，但这些协会跨性别的特异性尚未达成流行病学共识。最后，种族/族裔和性少数群体的歧视观念和歧视的客观指标都与酗酒和酗酒障碍有关。综上所述，这些文献表明，暴露于压力是个体差异的酒精消费和酒精使用障碍的风险的重要组成部分。然而，这项研究的许多领域仍有待研究，包括更多地关注各种压力源在酒精使用障碍过程中的作用，以及当个人暴露于压力源时的潜在风险调节剂。
Exposure to stress is potentially important in the pathway to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders. Stressors occur at multiple time points across the life course, with varying degrees of chronicity and severity. We review evidence from epidemiologic studies on the relationship between four different stressors (fateful/catastrophic events, child maltreatment, common adult stressful life events in interpersonal, occupational, financial, and legal domains, and minority stress) and alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders. Studies generally demonstrate an increase in alcohol consumption in response to exposure to terrorism or other disasters. Research has demonstrated little increase in incident alcohol use disorders, but individuals with a history of alcohol use disorders are more likely to report drinking to cope with the traumatic event. Childhood maltreatment is a consistent risk factor for early onset of drinking in adolescence and adult alcohol use disorders, and accumulating evidence suggests that specific polymorphisms may interact with child maltreatment to increase risk for alcohol consumption and disorder. Stressful life events such as divorce and job loss increase the risk of alcohol disorders, but epidemiologic consensus on the specificity of these associations across gender has not been reached. Finally, both perceptions of discrimination and objective indicators of discrimination are associated with alcohol use and alcohol use disorders among racial/ethnic and sexual minorities. Taken together, these literatures demonstrate that exposure to stress is an important component in individual differences in risk for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders. However, many areas of this research remain to be studied, including greater attention to the role of various stressors in the course of alcohol use disorders and potential risk moderators when individuals are exposed to stressors.
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DOI：
10.1097/01.alc.0000153544.83656.3c
发表时间：
2005-02-01
影响因子：
3.2
作者：
Breese, GR;Chu, K;Weiss, F
通讯作者：
Weiss, F
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
BROWN, GW
通讯作者：
BROWN, GW
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
Caspi, A;McClay, J;Poulton, R
通讯作者：
Poulton, R
影响因子：
10.5
作者：
Bulik, CM;Prescott, CA;Kendler, KS
通讯作者：
Kendler, KS
影响因子：
6.9
作者：
BROWN, GW;HARRIS, TO;HEPWORTH, C
通讯作者：
HEPWORTH, C