Socio-demographic factors, health risks and harms associated with early initiation of injection among people who inject drugs in Tallinn, Estonia: evidence from cross-sectional surveys.
Socio-demographic factors, health risks and harms associated with early initiation of injection among people who inject drugs in Tallinn, Estonia: evidence from cross-sectional surveys.
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爱沙尼亚塔林注射吸毒者与早期开始注射相关的社会人口因素、健康风险和危害:来自横断面调查的证据。
DOI:
10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.08.003
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Uusküla,Anneli
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vorobjov,Sigrid;DesJarlais,DonC;Abel-Ollo,Katri;Talu,Ave;Rüütel,Kristi;Uusküla,Anneli
AIMTo explore socio-demographic factors, health risks and harms associated with early initiation of injecting (before age 16) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Tallinn, Estonia.METHODSIDUs were recruited using respondent driven sampling methods for two cross-sectional interviewer-administered surveys (in 2007 and 2009). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with early initiation versus later initiation.RESULTSA total of 672 current IDUs reported the age when they started to inject drugs; the mean was 18 years, and about a quarter of the sample (n=156) reported early initiation into injecting drugs. Factors significantly associated in multivariate analysis with early initiation were being female, having a lower educational level, being unemployed, shorter time between first drug use and injecting, high-risk injecting (sharing syringes and paraphernalia, injecting more than once a day), involvement in syringe exchange attendance and getting syringes from outreach workers, and two-fold higher risk of HIV seropositivity.CONCLUSIONSOur results document significant adverse health consequences (including higher risk behaviour and HIV seropositivity) associated with early initiation into drug injecting and emphasize the need for comprehensive prevention programs and early intervention efforts targeting youth at risk. Our findings suggest that interventions designed to delay the age of starting drug use, including injecting drug use, can contribute to reducing risk behaviour and HIV prevalence among IDUs.
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DOI:
--
发表时间:
1984
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
H. Köhler;J. Urbain;P. Cazenave
通讯作者:
P. Cazenave
DOI:
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发表时间:
1985
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
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作者:
Melnick,DA;Nauseef,WM;Markowitz,SD;Gardner,JP;Malech,HL
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Malech,HL
DOI:
10.1016/0167-5699(82)90018-4
发表时间:
1982
期刊:
Immunology today
影响因子:
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作者:
J. Capra;Clive Slaughter;Eric C.B. Milner;P. Estess;Philip W. Tucker
通讯作者:
Philip W. Tucker
影响因子:
15.3
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A. Kelus;P. G. H. Cell
通讯作者:
P. G. H. Cell
DOI:
--
发表时间:
1982
期刊:
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
影响因子:
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作者:
Milner,EC;Capra,JD
通讯作者:
Capra,JD