Splits, internal and external, as a window into the nature of features

Splits, internal and external, as a window into the nature of features
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内部和外部的分裂,作为了解特征本质的窗口

DOI:
10.1007/s11525-021-09387-5
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Corbett G
Corbett G
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--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Corbett G

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词素可以在内部分裂,如补充、词法迂回、异位和依赖性等现象。概括这些分裂词素范式的现象,我们可以建立一个可能的内部分裂的类型学。也有一些词素的外部要求是分开的:例如,它们诱导不同的协议。再一次,这些分裂的类型学已经被提出。下一个合乎逻辑的步骤是尝试对内部和外部分裂之间的可能关系进行类型学分析。这并不简单,因为我们需要避免虚假的联系。提出了四种论点:(i)一般的合理性:内部和外部的联系是令人信服的,因此其他说法需要一定程度的巧合,这是不可能的;(ii)过多:不同的屈折形式连接不同的外部需求;(iii)时间和空间的变化:变化和外部要求的分裂各不相同,但保持其联系;(iv)动词复数:这些名词的不同类型提供了有趣的确凿证据。案例研究包括小亚细亚希腊语、波兰语、俄语、苏格兰盖尔语、塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语(BCMS)、斯洛文尼亚语、拉丁语和古弗里斯兰语。外部分裂明显与内部分裂相联系的明显事例证明既令人惊讶又意义重大。我们发现,在分裂范式中,除了明显的过剩之外,也可能存在隐性的过剩细胞。此外,当外部分裂涉及单个细胞时,这些不会诱导简单的(一致的)一致。这很有意义,表明特征信息以一种自然的默认方式与词素相关联:默认情况下在词素级别,除非在子范式级别被覆盖,除非依次在单个单元级别被覆盖。
Lexemes may be splitinternally, by phenomena such as suppletion, periphrasis, heteroclisis and deponency. Generalizing over these phenomena, which split a lexeme’s paradigm, we can establish a typology of the possible internal splits. There are also lexemes whoseexternalrequirements are split: they induce different agreement, for instance. Again, a typology of these splits has been proposed. The next logical step is to attempt a typology of the possiblerelations between internal and external splits. This is not straightforward, since we need to avoid spurious linkages. Four lines of argument are offered: (i) general plausibility: the internal-external linkage is compelling, and so other accounts require a degree of coincidence which is unlikely; (ii) overabundance: alternative inflectional forms link to different external requirements; (iii) variation in time and space: splits in inflection and in external requirements vary, while maintaining their linkage; (iv) pluralia tantum nouns: the different types of these nouns provide intriguing confirming evidence. Case studies include Asia Minor Greek, Polish, Russian, Scottish Gaelic, Sɛlɛɛ, Serbo-Croat (BCMS), Slovenian, Latin and Old Frisian. The clear instances which emerge, where an external split is demonstrably linked to an internal one, prove both surprising and significant. We discover that in split paradigms, besides overt overabundance, there may also be covertly overabundant cells. Furthermore, when external splits involve individual cells, these will not induce simple (consistent) agreement. This makes good sense, demonstrating that featural information is associated with lexemes in a natural default manner: at the lexeme level by default, unless overridden at the sub-paradigm level, unless in turn overridden at the level of individual cells.
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