Recurrent Emergence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
Recurrent Emergence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
复制标题
委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎反复出现
DOI:
--
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发表时间:
1998
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
S. Weaver
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
S. Weaver
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are positive-strand, unsegmented RNA viruses in the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. The first phylogenetic analyses of the VEE complex, based on partial nsP4, El, and 3' untranslated sequences, indicated that IAB, IC, and ID viruses are closely related and have a recent common ancestor. This work also suggested that epidemic/epizootic VEE viruses evolved from ID progenitors on more than one occasion. Several hypotheses for VEE emergence were proposed, including (i) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses in continuous, cryptic transmission cycles; (ii) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses in latent equine or other animal infections; (iii) reemergence of epizootic viruses following administration of incompletely inactivated vaccine preparations; (iv) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses as minority subpopulations within enzootic virus populations; and (v) periodic emergence of epizootic viruses via mutations of enzootic strains. Phylogenetic studies of the two recent, northern South American VEE outbreaks have further supported the hypothesis of evolution and emergence of epidemic/epizootic IAB/IC viruses from enzootic ID-like progenitors. Current phylogenetic trees, obtained from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of 857 nucleotides derived from the E3 and E2 genes, identify three distinct monophyletic groups or lineages of epizootic/ epidemic VEE viruses. The most important gaps remaining in one's understanding of epidemic/epizootic VEE emergence concern the viral determinants of virulence and the pathogenesis changes that lead to high-viremia-facilitated transmission among equines and other large mammals.
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DOI:
10.1073/pnas.92.12.5278
发表时间:
1995
影响因子:
11.1
作者:
Rico-Hesse,R;Weaver,SC;deSiger,J;Medina,G;Salas,RA
通讯作者:
Salas,RA
影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Weaver,SC;Bellew,LA;Rico-Hesse,R
通讯作者:
Rico-Hesse,R
影响因子:
3.7
作者:
Weaver,SC;Bellew,LA;Gousset,L;Repik,PM;Scott,TW;Holland,JJ
通讯作者:
Holland,JJ
DOI:
10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_11
发表时间:
1994
期刊:
Archives of virology. Supplementum
影响因子:
--
作者:
Davis,NL;Grieder,FB;Smith,JF;Greenwald,GF;Valenski,ML;Sellon,DC;Charles,PC;Johnston,RE
通讯作者:
Johnston,RE