Recurrent Emergence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis

Recurrent Emergence of Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis
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委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎反复出现

DOI:
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发表时间:
1998
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
S. Weaver
S. Weaver
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作者:
S. Weaver

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委内瑞拉马脑脊髓炎(VEE)病毒是披膜病毒科甲病毒属的正链、不分节段RNA病毒。基于部分nsP4、El和3 '非翻译序列的VEE复合体的首次系统发育分析表明,IAB、IC和ID病毒密切相关,并且具有最近的共同祖先。这项工作还表明,流行性/动物流行性VEE病毒进化的ID祖细胞在一个以上的场合。提出了几种VEE出现的假设,包括(i)IAB和/或IC病毒在连续的、隐蔽的传播周期中的维持;(ii)IAB和/或IC病毒在潜伏的马或其他动物感染中的维持;(iii)在施用不完全灭活的疫苗制剂后动物流行病毒的重新出现;(iv)IAB和/或IC病毒作为地方流行病毒群体中的少数亚群的维持;(iv)IAB和/或IC病毒作为地方流行病毒群体中的少数亚群的维持。以及(v)通过地方流行毒株的突变而周期性地出现动物流行病毒。对最近两次北方南美洲VEE爆发的系统发育研究进一步支持了流行性/动物流行性IAB/IC病毒从地方流行性ID样祖细胞进化和出现的假设。目前的系统发育树,从逆转录-聚合酶链反应产物的857个核苷酸来自E3和E2基因,确定三个不同的单系组或谱系的流行/流行性VEE病毒。在流行病/流行性动物VEE出现的理解中仍然存在的最重要的差距涉及毒力的病毒决定因素和导致马和其他大型哺乳动物之间高病毒血症促进传播的发病机制变化。
Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses are positive-strand, unsegmented RNA viruses in the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. The first phylogenetic analyses of the VEE complex, based on partial nsP4, El, and 3' untranslated sequences, indicated that IAB, IC, and ID viruses are closely related and have a recent common ancestor. This work also suggested that epidemic/epizootic VEE viruses evolved from ID progenitors on more than one occasion. Several hypotheses for VEE emergence were proposed, including (i) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses in continuous, cryptic transmission cycles; (ii) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses in latent equine or other animal infections; (iii) reemergence of epizootic viruses following administration of incompletely inactivated vaccine preparations; (iv) maintenance of IAB and/or IC viruses as minority subpopulations within enzootic virus populations; and (v) periodic emergence of epizootic viruses via mutations of enzootic strains. Phylogenetic studies of the two recent, northern South American VEE outbreaks have further supported the hypothesis of evolution and emergence of epidemic/epizootic IAB/IC viruses from enzootic ID-like progenitors. Current phylogenetic trees, obtained from reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of 857 nucleotides derived from the E3 and E2 genes, identify three distinct monophyletic groups or lineages of epizootic/ epidemic VEE viruses. The most important gaps remaining in one's understanding of epidemic/epizootic VEE emergence concern the viral determinants of virulence and the pathogenesis changes that lead to high-viremia-facilitated transmission among equines and other large mammals.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5278
发表时间: 1995
影响因子: 11.1
作者:
Rico-Hesse,R;Weaver,SC;deSiger,J;Medina,G;Salas,RA
通讯作者: Salas,RA
委内瑞拉马脑炎复合体中甲病毒的系统发育分析和流行病毒来源的鉴定。
DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(92)90190-z
发表时间: 1992
期刊: Virology
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Weaver,SC;Bellew,LA;Rico-Hesse,R
通讯作者: Rico-Hesse,R
东部马脑脊髓炎病毒自然种群内的多样性。
DOI: 10.1006/viro.1993.1421
发表时间: 1993
期刊: Virology
影响因子: 3.7
作者:
Weaver,SC;Bellew,LA;Gousset,L;Repik,PM;Scott,TW;Holland,JJ
通讯作者: Holland,JJ
研究委内瑞拉马脑炎病毒发病机制的分子遗传学方法。
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-9326-6_11
发表时间: 1994
期刊: Archives of virology. Supplementum
影响因子: --
作者:
Davis,NL;Grieder,FB;Smith,JF;Greenwald,GF;Valenski,ML;Sellon,DC;Charles,PC;Johnston,RE
通讯作者: Johnston,RE