Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population.
Sex-specific manifestation of genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the general population.
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DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12874
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lichtenstein P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin J;Taylor MJ;Rydell M;Riglin L;Eyre O;Lu Y;Lundström S;Larsson H;Thapar A;Lichtenstein P
注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)在男性中比在女性中更常见。越来越多的研究表明，患有ADHD的女性可能被低估了，或者接受了其他诊断，如焦虑或抑郁。其他推理表明，女性可能受到保护，不会患上ADHD，这需要更高的遗传风险来表现这种疾病。我们使用来自两个基于人群的队列的常见变异基因数据来检验这两个假说。首先，我们测试了被诊断为焦虑或抑郁的女性和男性在患ADHD的遗传风险方面是否存在差异，评估为多基因风险评分(Prs)。其次，我们测试了患有ADHD的女性和男性在ADHD遗传风险负担方面是否存在差异。我们使用了三种不同的诊断定义：基于登记的临床诊断、基于筛查的研究诊断和基于算法的研究诊断，以调查可能的转诊偏差。在有焦虑或抑郁临床诊断的个体中，女性的ADHD PR高于男性[OR(CI)=111.39(1.12-1.73)]，但基于筛查的诊断[OR(CI)=111.15(0.94-1.42)]或基于算法的诊断[OR(CI)=111.04(0.89-1.21)]没有性别差异。在基于登记[OR(CI)=0.1.04(0.84-1.30)]、基于筛查[OR(CI)=100.96(0.85-1.08)]或基于算法[OR(CI)=111.15(0.78-1.68)]的ADHD诊断患者中，ADHD-PR也没有性别差异。这项研究提供了遗传证据，表明ADHD风险在女性比男性更有可能表现为焦虑或抑郁，或更有可能被诊断为焦虑或抑郁。与早期的一些研究相反，这些结果并不支持与受影响的男性相比，患有ADHD的女性的ADHD遗传风险增加。
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more commonly diagnosed in males than in females. A growing body of research suggests that females with ADHD might be underdiagnosed or receive alternative diagnoses, such as anxiety or depression. Other lines of reasoning suggest that females might be protected from developing ADHD, requiring a higher burden of genetic risk to manifest the disorder. We tested these two hypotheses, using common variant genetic data from two population‐based cohorts. First, we tested whether females and males diagnosed with anxiety or depression differ in terms of their genetic risk for ADHD, assessed as polygenic risk scores (PRS). Second, we tested whether females and males with ADHD differed in ADHD genetic risk burden. We used three different diagnostic definitions: registry‐based clinical diagnoses, screening‐based research diagnoses and algorithm‐based research diagnoses, to investigate possible referral biases. In individuals with a registry‐based clinical diagnosis of anxiety or depression, females had higher ADHD PRS than males [OR(CI) = 1.39 (1.12–1.73)] but there was no sex difference for screening‐based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.94–1.42)] or algorithm‐based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.89–1.21)] diagnoses. There was also no sex difference in ADHD PRS in individuals with ADHD diagnoses that were registry‐based [OR(CI) = 1.04 (0.84–1.30)], screening‐based [OR(CI) = 0.96 (0.85–1.08)] or algorithm‐based [OR(CI) = 1.15 (0.78–1.68)]. This study provides genetic evidence that ADHD risk may be more likely to manifest or be diagnosed as anxiety or depression in females than in males. Contrary to some earlier studies, the results do not support increased ADHD genetic risk in females with ADHD as compared to affected males.
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DOI：
10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12081129
发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
The American journal of psychiatry
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hamshere ML;Langley K;Martin J;Agha SS;Stergiakouli E;Anney RJ;Buitelaar J;Faraone SV;Lesch KP;Neale BM;Franke B;Sonuga-Barke E;Asherson P;Merwood A;Kuntsi J;Medland SE;Ripke S;Steinhausen HC;Freitag C;Reif A;Renner TJ;Romanos M;Romanos J;Warnke A;Meyer J;Palmason H;Vasquez AA;Lambregts-Rommelse N;Roeyers H;Biederman J;Doyle AE;Hakonarson H;Rothenberger A;Banaschewski T;Oades RD;McGough JJ;Kent L;Williams N;Owen MJ;Holmans P;O'Donovan MC;Thapar A
通讯作者：
Thapar A
影响因子：
17.7
作者：
Faraone, SV;Biederman, J;Zallen, B
通讯作者：
Zallen, B
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Chen, Qi;Brikell, Isabell;Larsson, Henrik
通讯作者：
Larsson, Henrik
影响因子：
7.6
作者：
Goodman, R;Ford, T;Meltzer, H
通讯作者：
Meltzer, H
DOI：
10.1097/chi.0b013e3181b7666e
发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Cole, James;Ball, Harriet A.;McGuffin, Peter
通讯作者：
McGuffin, Peter