Are we mismanaging calcium and phosphate metabolism in renal failure?

Are we mismanaging calcium and phosphate metabolism in renal failure?
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我们是否对肾衰竭中的钙和磷酸盐代谢管理不当?

DOI:
10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90352-8
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发表时间:
1997
期刊:
American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
C. Hsu
C. Hsu
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
C. Hsu

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继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进和肾性骨营养不良是由肾功能衰竭引起的钙、磷酸盐和骨化三醇代谢异常的结果。有证据表明,当我们年龄超过35岁时,钙的平衡趋于负值;然而,目前的透析方式使患者在透析过程中不论年龄都有过量的钙。骨化三醇治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进进一步增加钙和磷酸盐的吸收。此外,目前每周3次的肾脏替代疗法不能去除每天吸收的磷酸盐,我们必须使用碳酸钙作为主要的磷酸盐结合剂来减少肠道对磷酸盐的吸收。大量的钙质转移和磷酸盐潴留可导致软组织钙化,特别是在老年终末期肾病(ESRD)患者中。因此,只有在肾脏替代治疗期间维持负钙平衡,我们才能安全地使用骨化三醇和碳酸钙来治疗继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。最近的研究表明,单独限制磷酸盐而不依赖于血浆骨化三醇或钙,可以降低肾功能衰竭时血浆甲状旁腺激素(PTH),防止甲状旁腺增生。因此,控制磷酸盐可能是预防继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进最重要的手段。先前的研究表明,铁化合物是有效的磷酸盐结合剂;因此,这些化合物值得在肾衰的磷酸盐代谢管理方面进行进一步的试验。
Secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy are the consequences of abnormal calcium, phosphate, and calcitriol metabolism ensuing from renal failure. Evidence suggests that calcium balance tends to become negative as we grow older than 35 years of age; however, the current dialysis modalities provide patients regardless of age with excessive calcium during dialysis. Administration of calcitriol in the management of hyperparathyroidism further increases the calcium and phosphate absorption. Furthermore, the current thrice-weekly renal replacement therapies fail to remove the daily absorbed phosphate, and we have to use calcium carbonate as a primary phosphate-binding agent to reduce intestinal phosphate absorption. The large calcium mass transfer and phosphate retention could lead to soft tissue calcification, especially in older end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Consequently, only by maintaining a negative calcium balance during renal replacement therapy can we safely use calcitriol and calcium carbonate for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Recent studies have indicated that phosphate restriction alone independent of plasma calcitriol or calcium can lower plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) in renal failure and prevent hyperplasia of parathyroid glands. Therefore, phosphate control perhaps is the most important means to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism. Previous studies have shown that ferric compounds are potent phosphate-binding agents; hence, these compounds warrant further trial in the management of phosphate metabolism in renal failure.
DOI: 10.1038/ki.1986.252
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