Gender-specific selection on codon usage in plant genomes.

Gender-specific selection on codon usage in plant genomes.
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DOI:
10.1186/1471-2164-8-169
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发表时间:
2007-06-13
期刊:
影响因子:
4.4
通讯作者:
Krochko JE
Krochko JE
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whittle CA;Malik MR;Krochko JE

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目前,在大多数生物,特别是植物中,关于性别特异性基因表达在同义密码子使用(翻译选择)中的作用的数据很少。利用来自玉米和小麦的性别特异性EST文库(含bbbb4000个EST),我们评估了性别特异性基因表达本身和性别特异性基因表达水平是否与密码子使用的选择相关。基于第三个密码子位置GC含量的变化和物种偏好密码子的频率,我们发现了明显的证据,表明密码子在雌性器官和配子中表达的基因比在雄性器官和配子中表达的基因更倾向于使用密码子。这一发现对高表达基因和低表达基因都适用。此外,我们发现对于女性和男性特异性基因,高表达基因比低表达基因具有更大的密码子偏倚。此外,在这两个物种中,具有雌性特异性表达的基因对具有同义密码子的18种氨基酸中的每一种都显示出更大的物种特异性首选密码子的使用。一项对甘蓝型油菜的补充分析表明,在雄性配子体组织中表达的基因的密码子使用偏差也可能高于异种(花)组织。本研究报告了植物密码子使用的性别特异性偏见。基于对1497 876个密码子的分析,本文的发现既不是由基因生物学功能的差异或蛋白质长度的差异引起的,也不可能归因于突变偏差。这些数据最好的解释是基于性别的翻译选择。对这些发现的合理解释以及与这些和其他生物体的相关性进行了讨论。
Currently, there is little data available regarding the role of gender-specific gene expression on synonymous codon usage (translational selection) in most organisms, and particularly plants. Using gender-specific EST libraries (with > 4000 ESTs) from Zea mays and Triticum aestivum, we assessed whether gender-specific gene expression per se and gender-specific gene expression level are associated with selection on codon usage. We found clear evidence of a greater bias in codon usage for genes expressed in female than in male organs and gametes, based on the variation in GC content at third codon positions and the frequency of species-preferred codons. This finding holds true for both highly and for lowly expressed genes. In addition, we found that highly expressed genes have greater codon bias than lowly expressed genes for both female- and male-specific genes. Moreover, in both species, genes with female-specific expression show a greater usage of species-specific preferred codons for each of the 18 amino acids having synonymous codons. A supplemental analysis of Brassica napus suggests that bias in codon usage could also be higher in genes expressed in male gametophytic tissues than in heterogeneous (flower) tissues. This study reports gender-specific bias in codon usage in plants. The findings reported here, based on the analysis of 1 497 876 codons, are not caused either by differences in the biological functions of the genes or by differences in protein lengths, nor are they likely attributable to mutational bias. The data are best explained by gender-specific translational selection. Plausible explanations for these findings and the relevance to these and other organisms are discussed.
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