Voluntary pursuit of negatively valenced stimuli from childhood to early adulthood.
Voluntary pursuit of negatively valenced stimuli from childhood to early adulthood.
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从童年到成年初期，自愿追求否定价值的刺激。
DOI：
10.1111/desc.13012
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Somerville LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grisanzio KA;Sasse SF;Nook EC;Lambert HK;McLaughlin KA;Somerville LH
虽然常识表明，我们的动机是追求积极的，避免消极的经验，以前的研究表明，人们经常寻求消极的经验。在目前的研究中，我们描述了从童年到青年的这种趋势。由于已知的风险行为和感觉寻求在青春期的增加，我们假设，青少年会表现出更多的参与与负价刺激相比，儿童和成人。4-25岁的参与者（N=192）完成了一项行为任务，评估了参与消极，积极和中性图像的动机。在每次试验中，参与者观看两张小图片，并选择一张以更大的尺寸观看长达10秒。试验分为三个效价条件：消极与积极的图像（唤醒匹配），消极与中性的图像，积极与中性的图像。虽然参与者选择积极的图像多于中性或消极的图像，但参与者经常选择消极的图像，即使是在积极（28%的试验）或中性（42%的试验）的情况下。与预期相反，选择消极图像的倾向在幼儿期最高，并随着年龄的增长而线性下降，选择积极图像的倾向随着年龄的增长而线性增加。这些结果提供了对参与情绪刺激的动机如何随年龄变化的见解。可能是负面体验的新奇和罕见驱使孩子们去追求这些刺激。或者，孩子们可能会发现负面图像不那么令人厌恶，这将警告不要假设这些刺激在所有年龄段的个体中引起相同的动机状态。
Although common sense suggests that we are motivated to pursue positive and avoid negative experiences, previous research shows that people regularly seek out negative experiences. In the current study, we characterized this tendency from childhood to young adulthood. Due to the known increases in risky behavior and sensation seeking in adolescence, we hypothesized that adolescents would show an increased engagement with negatively valenced stimuli compared to children and adults. Participants aged 4–25 (N=192) completed a behavioral task assessing motivation to engage with negative, positive, and neutral images. On each trial, participants viewed two small images and selected one to view at a larger size for up to 10s. Trials were organized into three valence conditions: negative versus positive images (matched on arousal), negative versus neutral images, and positive versus neutral images. Although participants chose positive images more than neutral or negative images, participants selected negative images frequently, even when given a positive (28% of trials) or neutral (42% of trials) alternative. Contrary to expectations, the tendency to choose negative images was highest in early childhood and decreased linearly with increasing age, and the tendency to choose positive images increased linearly with age. These results provide insight into how motivation to engage with emotional stimuli varies across age. It is possible that the novelty and rarity of negative experiences drives children to pursue these stimuli. Alternatively, children may find negative images less aversive, which would caution against assuming that these stimuli elicit the same motivational states in individuals of all ages.
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影响因子：
22.4
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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