Sex Hormones Regulate SHANK Expression.

Sex Hormones Regulate SHANK Expression.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnmol.2018.00337
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Rappold GA
Rappold GA
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Berkel S;Eltokhi A;Fröhlich H;Porras-Gonzalez D;Rafiullah R;Sprengel R;Rappold GA

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自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)在男性个体中的患病率高于女性,ASD的受影响男孩与女孩的比例为4:1,而Bogger综合征的受影响男孩与女孩的比例为11:1。编码突触后支架蛋白的SHANK基因(包括SHANK 1、SHANK 2和SHANK 3)的突变与ASD密切相关。由于早期脑发育受到性激素的强烈影响,我们研究了双氢睾酮(DHT)和17β-雌二醇对人神经母细胞瘤细胞模型中SHANK表达的影响。这两种性激素对所有三种SHANK基因的表达都有显著影响,雄激素和雌激素受体拮抗剂可以有效地阻断这一影响。在神经元特异性雄激素受体敲除小鼠(ArNesCre)中,我们发现出生后7.5天皮质中所有Shank基因均出现名义上的显着减少。在发育中的野生型(WT)CD 1小鼠的皮质,性别差异蛋白表达被确定为所有的小腿在胚胎第17.5天和出生后第7.5天与显着较高的蛋白质水平相比,在男性的雌性小鼠。总之,我们可以表明,SHANK表达受到性激素的影响,导致性别差异表达,从而为ASD中的性别偏见提供了新的见解。
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a higher prevalence in male individuals compared to females, with a ratio of affected boys compared to girls of 4:1 for ASD and 11:1 for Asperger syndrome. Mutations in the SHANK genes (comprising SHANK1, SHANK2 and SHANK3) coding for postsynaptic scaffolding proteins have been tightly associated with ASD. As early brain development is strongly influenced by sex hormones, we investigated the effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17β-estradiol on SHANK expression in a human neuroblastoma cell model. Both sex hormones had a significant impact on the expression of all three SHANK genes, which could be effectively blocked by androgen and estrogen receptor antagonists. In neuron-specific androgen receptor knock-out mice (ArNesCre), we found a nominal significant reduction of all Shank genes at postnatal day 7.5 in the cortex. In the developing cortex of wild-type (WT) CD1 mice, a sex-differential protein expression was identified for all Shanks at embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal day 7.5 with significantly higher protein levels in male compared to female mice. Together, we could show that SHANK expression is influenced by sex hormones leading to a sex-differential expression, thus providing novel insights into the sex bias in ASD.
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