Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice.
Dynamic characteristics of otolith ocular response during counter rotation about dual yaw axes in mice.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.022
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发表时间：
2015-01-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Makishima, T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimizu, N.;Wood, S.;Kushiro, K.;Yanai, S.;Perachio, A.;Makishima, T.
前庭中枢系统在自我运动知觉、空间定位等高级神经功能中起着重要作用。它存储头部角速度的能力被称为速度存储机制(VSM)，它已经在广泛的物种中得到了深入的研究。然而，对小鼠的视觉刺激知之甚少，因为小鼠缺乏典型的眼睛反应，如眼球震颤后的视动反应或占主导地位的前庭-眼睛反射的时间常数，而视觉刺激对前庭-眼睛反射至关重要。实验研究了耳石驱动的眼球运动与VSM相关，并在小鼠身上验证了它的特征。我们使用了一种新的方法来产生与传统的偏离垂直轴旋转(OVAR)相似的旋转向量，但通过使用反旋转离心法产生了更大的重力惯性力(>；1g)。与之前在OVAR期间在其他动物中描述的结果类似，在OVAR中诱导了两个眼动分量，即叠加了单向眼球震颤(偏向分量)的正弦调制眼动(调制分量)。每种反应都被认为来自不同的机制；调制主要通过线性前庭-眼睛反射产生，而对于偏差，VSM负责。数据表明，通过耳石输入，小鼠也有一个发育良好的前庭系统，这表明它在哺乳动物物种中高度保守。另一方面，为了达到偏置的平台状态，人们认为比其他较大的动物需要更高的频率旋转或更大的重力惯性力。与调制相比，偏向具有更多的可变性，这表明大脑中的高阶神经过程固有的复杂性。我们的数据为进一步研究小鼠中央前庭系统提供了基础，然而，潜在的个体差异应该被考虑在内。
The central vestibular system plays an important role in higher neural functions such as self-motion perception and spatial orientation. Its ability to store head angular velocity is called velocity storage mechanism (VSM), which has been thoroughly investigated across a wide range of species. However, little is known about the mouse VSM, because the mouse lacks typical ocular responses such as optokinetic after nystagmus or a dominant time constant of vestibulo-ocular reflex for which the VSM is critical. Experiments were conducted to examine the otolith-driven eye movements related to the VSM and verify its characteristics in mice. We used a novel approach to generate a similar rotating vector as a traditional off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) but with a larger resultant gravito-inertial force (>1 g) by using counter rotation centrifugation. Similar to results previously described in other animals during OVAR, two components of eye movements were induced, i.e. a sinusoidal modulatory eye movement (modulation component) on which a unidirectional nystagmaus (bias component) was superimposed. Each response is considered to derive from different mechanisms; modulations arise predominantly through linear vestibulo-ocular reflex, whereas for the bias, the VSM is responsible. Data indicate that the mouse also has a well-developed vestibular system through otoliths inputs, showing its highly conserved nature across mammalian species. On the other hand, to reach a plateau state of bias, a higher frequency rotation or a larger gravito-inertial force was considered to be necessary than other larger animals. Compared with modulation, the bias had a more variable profile, suggesting an inherent complexity of higher-order neural processes in the brain. Our data provides the basis for further study of the central vestibular system in mice, however, the underlying individual variability should be taken into consideration.
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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