Degeneration of the olfactory guanylyl cyclase D gene during primate evolution.

Degeneration of the olfactory guanylyl cyclase D gene during primate evolution.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0000884
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发表时间:
2007-09-12
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Liman ER
Liman ER
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Young JM;Waters H;Dong C;Fülle HJ;Liman ER

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哺乳动物的嗅觉系统由几个子系统组成,这些子系统探测特定的化学线索,并构成各种行为反应的基础。在主要的嗅觉上皮内,至少有三种不同类型的化学感觉神经元可以由它们独特的信号转导成分的表达来定义。在啮齿动物中,一组神经元表达嗅觉特异的鸟苷酸环化酶(GC)-D基因(Gucy2d,鸟苷酸环化酶2d)和其他细胞类型的特定分子。GC-D阳性神经元将它们的轴突投射到嗅球中的一小群不典型的“项链”肾球,其中一些是对新生啮齿动物的哺乳和成年小鼠的大气二氧化碳做出反应而激活的。因为GC-D在人类中是一个假基因,所以在灵长类动物进化的某个时刻,通过这个系统发出的信号似乎已经丢失。在这里,我们使用生物信息学分析的痕迹档案和基因组组装数据和测序的聚合酶链式反应扩增基因组DNA来确定在灵长类进化期间,功能基因丢失的时间。我们的分析表明,GC-D在许多灵长类物种中是一种假基因,包括猿、东半球和西半球的猴子和眼镜猴。相比之下,在小鼠、大鼠、狗、狐猴和丛林宝宝中,该基因看起来完好无损,并在净化选择下进化。这些数据表明,通过表达GC-D的细胞发出的信号可能在4000多万年前就已经受到影响,在新大陆猴子和东半球猴子和猿类分化之前,因此不能参与大多数灵长类动物的化学感觉。
The mammalian olfactory system consists of several subsystems that detect specific sets of chemical cues and underlie a variety of behavioral responses. Within the main olfactory epithelium at least three distinct types of chemosensory neurons can be defined by their expression of unique sets of signal transduction components. In rodents, one set of neurons expresses the olfactory-specific guanylyl cyclase (GC)-D gene (Gucy2d, guanylyl cyclase 2d) and other cell-type specific molecules. GC-D-positive neurons project their axons to a small group of atypical “necklace” glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, some of which are activated in response to suckling in neonatal rodents and to atmospheric CO2 in adult mice. Because GC-D is a pseudogene in humans, signaling through this system appears to have been lost at some point in primate evolution. Here we used a combination of bioinformatic analysis of trace-archive and genome-assembly data and sequencing of PCR-amplified genomic DNA to determine when during primate evolution the functional gene was lost. Our analysis reveals that GC-D is a pseudogene in a large number of primate species, including apes, Old World and New World monkeys and tarsier. In contrast, the gene appears intact and has evolved under purifying selection in mouse, rat, dog, lemur and bushbaby. These data suggest that signaling through GC-D-expressing cells was probably compromised more than 40 million years ago, prior to the divergence of New World monkeys from Old World monkeys and apes, and thus cannot be involved in chemosensation in most primates.
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发表时间: 2005-11-01
影响因子: 3.4
作者:
Fuss, SH;Omura, M;Mombaerts, P
通讯作者: Mombaerts, P
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5791
发表时间: 1999-05-11
影响因子: 11.1
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影响因子: 7
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期刊: GENOME RESEARCH
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