Chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine oxidoreductase.

Chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine oxidoreductase.
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DOI:
10.2174/1381612811319140010
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Nishino T
Nishino T
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Okamoto K;Kusano T;Nishino T

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黄嘌呤氧化还原酶(Xanthine oxidoreductase,XOR)是一种复杂的黄素蛋白,催化次黄嘌呤生成黄嘌呤和黄嘌呤生成尿酸的代谢反应,这两个反应都发生在钼辅因子上。该酶是治疗痛风或高尿酸血症的药物的靶点。我们审查的化学性质和反应机制的钼辅因子的XOR,侧重于实际或潜在的医学重要性,包括一氧化氮(NO)的合成依赖于氘的反应。现在普遍接受的是,XOR将钼原子的水可交换的-OH配体转移到基底上。在OH-Mo(IV)上的羟基可以被尿酸盐、oxipurinol和FYX-051衍生物取代,并且这些配合物的结构已经在厌氧条件下通过X射线晶体学确定。虽然通过XOR从亚硝酸盐形成NO或从尿酸盐形成黄嘌呤在化学上是可行的,但尚不清楚这些反应是否具有任何生理意义,因为即使在厌氧条件下,这些反应也以缓慢的速率被催化。
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a complex flavoprotein, catalyzes the metabolic reactions leading from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate, and both reactions take place at the molybdenum cofactor. The enzyme is a target of drugs for therapy of gout or hyperuricemia. We review the chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of XOR, focusing on molybdenum-dependent reactions of actual or potential medical importance, including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. It is now generally accepted that XOR transfers the water-exchangeable -OH ligand of the molybdenum atom to the substrate. The hydroxyl group at OH-Mo(IV) can be replaced by urate, oxipurinol and FYX-051 derivatives and the structures of these complexes have been determined by x-ray crystallography under anaerobic conditions. Although formation of NO from nitrite or formation of xanthine from urate by XOR is chemically feasible, it is not yet clear whether these reactions have any physiological significance since the reactions are catalyzed at a slow rate even under anaerobic conditions.
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