Chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine oxidoreductase.
Chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of xanthine oxidoreductase.
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DOI:
10.2174/1381612811319140010
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Nishino T
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Okamoto K;Kusano T;Nishino T
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a complex flavoprotein, catalyzes the metabolic reactions leading from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate, and both reactions take place at the molybdenum cofactor. The enzyme is a target of drugs for therapy of gout or hyperuricemia. We review the chemical nature and reaction mechanisms of the molybdenum cofactor of XOR, focusing on molybdenum-dependent reactions of actual or potential medical importance, including nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. It is now generally accepted that XOR transfers the water-exchangeable -OH ligand of the molybdenum atom to the substrate. The hydroxyl group at OH-Mo(IV) can be replaced by urate, oxipurinol and FYX-051 derivatives and the structures of these complexes have been determined by x-ray crystallography under anaerobic conditions. Although formation of NO from nitrite or formation of xanthine from urate by XOR is chemically feasible, it is not yet clear whether these reactions have any physiological significance since the reactions are catalyzed at a slow rate even under anaerobic conditions.
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