ATX-2, the C. elegans Ortholog of Human Ataxin-2, Regulates Centrosome Size and Microtubule Dynamics.

ATX-2, the C. elegans Ortholog of Human Ataxin-2, Regulates Centrosome Size and Microtubule Dynamics.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pgen.1006370
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发表时间:
2016-09
期刊:
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Song MH
Song MH
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stubenvoll MD;Medley JC;Irwin M;Song MH

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中心体是协调微管动力学的关键位点,并且在细胞周期期间表现出大小的动态变化。当细胞进行有丝分裂时,中心体募集更多的微管(MT)形成有丝分裂双极纺锤体,以确保正确的染色体分离。我们报告ATX-2的一个新角色,一个C。在调节中心体大小和MT动力学方面,ATX-2是一种RNA结合蛋白,以RNA非依赖性方式与SZY-20形成复合物。耗尽ATX-2导致胚胎死亡和胞质分裂失败,并恢复中心体复制到zyg-1突变体。在该途径中,SZY-20促进ATX-2丰度,其与中心体大小负相关。ATX-2耗尽的中心体表现出中心体因子(ZYG-1、SPD-5、γ-微管蛋白)水平升高,增加MT成核活性但阻碍MT生长。我们发现ATX-2通过中心体的γ-Tubulin影响MT的行为。我们的数据表明,RNA结合蛋白在控制MT动力学中起着积极的作用,并提供了深入了解适当的中心体大小和MT动力学的控制。微管(MT)细胞骨架在细胞周期中经历动态重排。中心体作为微管的主要组织中心,在有丝分裂中协调MT动力学并在建立双极纺锤体中起关键作用。中心体组装错误导致基因组内容物的错误分离和非整倍性。因此,中心体组装的严格调控对于细胞分裂和存活的保真度至关重要。利用秀丽隐杆线虫(Causophabditis elegans,C. elegans)为模型,研究了RNA结合蛋白ATX-2在C.在早期细胞分裂中的人类共济失调蛋白-2的elegans同源物。许多RNA和RNA结合蛋白被证明与中心体和MT相关,并影响有丝分裂纺锤体的组装。In C.在线虫中,SZY-20的RNA结合作用涉及调节中心体大小。我们发现ATX-2与SZY-20在中心体大小和MT行为方面一起发挥作用。SZY-20促进ATX-2蛋白水平,ATX-2的量影响中心体大小和随后的MT动力学。我们的工作提供了证据,RNA结合蛋白在控制MT动力学中具有积极的作用。
Centrosomes are critical sites for orchestrating microtubule dynamics, and exhibit dynamic changes in size during the cell cycle. As cells progress to mitosis, centrosomes recruit more microtubules (MT) to form mitotic bipolar spindles that ensure proper chromosome segregation. We report a new role for ATX-2, a C. elegans ortholog of Human Ataxin-2, in regulating centrosome size and MT dynamics. ATX-2, an RNA-binding protein, forms a complex with SZY-20 in an RNA-independent fashion. Depleting ATX-2 results in embryonic lethality and cytokinesis failure, and restores centrosome duplication to zyg-1 mutants. In this pathway, SZY-20 promotes ATX-2 abundance, which inversely correlates with centrosome size. Centrosomes depleted of ATX-2 exhibit elevated levels of centrosome factors (ZYG-1, SPD-5, γ-Tubulin), increasing MT nucleating activity but impeding MT growth. We show that ATX-2 influences MT behavior through γ-Tubulin at the centrosome. Our data suggest that RNA-binding proteins play an active role in controlling MT dynamics and provide insight into the control of proper centrosome size and MT dynamics. The microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton undergoes dynamic rearrangements during the cell cycle. As the primary microtubule-organizing center, centrosomes orchestrate MT dynamics and play a key role in establishing bipolar spindles in mitosis. Errors in centrosome assembly lead to missegregation of genomic content and aneuploidy. Thus, stringent regulation of centrosome assembly is of vital importance for the fidelity of cell division and survival. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a model, we study the role of the RNA-binding protein, ATX-2, a C. elegans homolog of Human Ataxin-2 in early cell division. A number of RNAs and RNA-binding proteins are shown to be associated with centrosomes and MTs, and influence the assembly of mitotic spindles. In C. elegans, the RNA-binding role of SZY-20 is implicated in regulating centrosome size. We show that ATX-2 functions together with SZY-20 in centrosome size and MT behavior. SZY-20 promotes ATX-2 protein levels, and the amount of ATX-2 influences centrosome size and subsequent MT dynamics. Our work provides evidence that RNA-binding proteins have an active role in controlling MT dynamics.
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