RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
RNA interference can rebalance the nitrogen sink of maize seeds without losing hard endosperm.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0032850
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Messing J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu Y;Messing J
植物育种的目标之一是创造作物，为人类和牲畜提供更好的营养。蛋白质摄入不足是影响发展中国家儿童生长发育的最严重因素之一。一个多世纪前，也就是1896年，霍普金斯开始了著名的伊利诺伊州玉米种子蛋白质浓度长期选择，产生了四种蛋白质菌株。通过不断积累QTL，伊利诺伊州高蛋白(IHP)的蛋白质水平达到普通玉米的2.5倍，其中增加最多的是玉米醇溶蛋白，长期选择计划启动后不久，该蛋白被证明不含赖氨酸。因此，国际水文计划对喂养人类和单胃动物的价值不大。尽管非玻璃体突变体的高赖氨酸系是以还原醇溶蛋白为基础的，但籽粒的柔软质地阻碍了它们的实际应用。优质蛋白玉米(QPM)的不透明2(O2)硬度可以通过O2修饰物(Mo2s)数量性状恢复，但不能提高总蛋白质水平。最主要的玉米醇溶蛋白是22和19 kDa的α-Zein。为了获得所需性状的组合，我们对两个α-玉米醇溶蛋白进行了干扰，并用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法评价了沉默效果。分析了籽粒总蛋白质、氨基酸组成和籽粒质构。α-玉米醇溶蛋白含量显著降低，但非玉米醇溶蛋白的补充性增加保持了较高的种子总蛋白水平。此外，残留的玉米醇溶蛋白水平仍然允许玻璃质坚硬的种子。氮汇的这种戏剧性的再平衡可能会对世界粮食供应产生重大影响。
One of the goals of plant breeding is to create crops to provide better nutrition for humans and livestock. Insufficient intake of protein is one of the most severe factors affecting the growth and development of children in developing countries. More than a century ago, in 1896, Hopkins initiated the well-known Illinois long-term selection for maize seed protein concentration, yielding four protein strains. By continuously accumulating QTLs, Illinois High Protein (IHP) reached a protein level 2.5-fold higher than normal maize, with the most increased fraction being the zein protein, which was shown to contain no lysine soon after the long-term selection program initiated. Therefore, IHP is of little value for feeding humans and monogastric animals. Although high-lysine lines of non-vitreous mutants were based on reduced zeins, the kernel soft texture precluded their practical use. Kernel hardness in opaque 2 (o2) could be restored in quality protein maize (QPM) with quantitative trait loci called o2 modifiers (Mo2s), but those did not increase total protein levels. The most predominant zeins are the 22- and 19-kDa α-zeins. To achieve a combination of desired traits, we used RNA interference (RNAi) against both α-zeins in IHP and evaluated the silencing effect by SDS-PAGE. Total protein, amino acid composition and kernel texture were analyzed. The α-zeins were dramatically reduced, but the high total seed protein level remained unchanged by complementary increase of non-zein proteins. Moreover, the residual zein levels still allowed for a vitreous hard seed. Such dramatic rebalancing of the nitrogen sink could have a major impact in world food supply.
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影响因子：
2.3
作者：
Dudley, J. W.
通讯作者：
Dudley, J. W.
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Wu Y;Messing J
通讯作者：
Messing J
DOI：
10.1126/science.28.718.417
发表时间：
1908-10-02
期刊：
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Osborne, T B
通讯作者：
Osborne, T B
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Holding, David R.;Hunter, Brenda G.;Larkins, Brian A.
通讯作者：
Larkins, Brian A.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
MERTZ, ET;NELSON, OE;BATES, LS
通讯作者：
BATES, LS