Context dependency in risky decision making: Is there a description-experience gap?
Context dependency in risky decision making: Is there a description-experience gap?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0245969
复制
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Stuart JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Park I;Windschitl PD;Smith AR;Rule S;Scherer AM;Stuart JO
在做出涉及风险的决策时，人们可以从描述或经验中了解风险。预防经验差距是指由这种学习形式的差异驱动的决策模式的差异。在两个实验中，我们研究了在风险决策中，从描述和经验中学习是否会对情境效应的方向和大小产生不同的影响。在研究1和2中，一个名为“风险决策任务”（DART）的计算机游戏被用来测量人们对概率爆炸的危险刺激的冒险倾向。背景危害造成伤害的速率被操纵，而局灶性危害造成伤害的速率保持不变。学习这些信息的形式也被操纵;它主要是通过经验或描述来学习的。结果显示，参与者对焦点危害的行为取决于他们对背景危害的了解。具体来说，有对比效应，参与者更有可能选择一个危险的行为对焦点危险时，造成的伤害率的背景危险是高，而不是低。重要的是，无论风险信息是从经验还是描述中获得的，这些对比效应都具有相似的强度。参与者对风险可能性的口头评估也显示出对比效应，与学习形式无关。虽然风险信息的背景下的危险在灾难援助反应不影响客观的预期值的风险与安全行为对焦点危险，它确实影响参与者的看法和行为，无论信息是从描述或经验。我们的研究结果表明，背景在人们如何评估和决策危害方面具有广泛的作用。
When making decisions involving risk, people may learn about the risk from descriptions or from experience. The description-experience gap refers to the difference in decision patterns driven by this discrepancy in learning format. Across two experiments, we investigated whether learning from description versus experience differentially affects the direction and the magnitude of a context effect in risky decision making. In Study 1 and 2, a computerized game called the Decisions about Risk Task (DART) was used to measure people’s risk-taking tendencies toward hazard stimuli that exploded probabilistically. The rate at which a context hazard caused harm was manipulated, while the rate at which a focal hazard caused harm was held constant. The format by which this information was learned was also manipulated; it was learned primarily by experience or by description. The results revealed that participants’ behavior toward the focal hazard varied depending on what they had learned about the context hazard. Specifically, there were contrast effects in which participants were more likely to choose a risky behavior toward the focal hazard when the harm rate posed by the context hazard was high rather than low. Critically, these contrast effects were of similar strength irrespective of whether the risk information was learned from experience or description. Participants’ verbal assessments of risk likelihood also showed contrast effects, irrespective of learning format. Although risk information about a context hazard in DART does nothing to affect the objective expected value of risky versus safe behaviors toward focal hazards, it did affect participants’ perceptions and behaviors—regardless of whether the information was learned from description or experience. Our findings suggest that context has a broad-based role in how people assess and make decisions about hazards.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.3758/bf03203630
发表时间：
1996-02-01
期刊：
BEHAVIOR RESEARCH METHODS INSTRUMENTS & COMPUTERS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Erdfelder, E;Faul, F;Buchner, A
通讯作者：
Buchner, A
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Fagerlin, Angela;Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J.;Ubel, Peter A.
通讯作者：
Ubel, Peter A.
影响因子：
7.2
作者：
Hertwig, Ralph;Hogarth, Robin M.;Lejarraga, Tomas
通讯作者：
Lejarraga, Tomas
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Leuker, Christina;Pachur, Thorsten;Pleskac, Timothy J.
通讯作者：
Pleskac, Timothy J.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bruchmann, Kathryn
通讯作者：
Bruchmann, Kathryn