Alleviating water scarcity by optimizing crop mixes
Alleviating water scarcity by optimizing crop mixes
复制标题
通过优化作物组合缓解水资源短缺
DOI：
10.1038/s44221-023-00155-9
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davis, Kyle Frankel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richter, Brian D.;Ao, Yufei;Lamsal, Gambhir;Wei, Dongyang;Amaya, Maria;Marston, Landon;Davis, Kyle Frankel
灌溉农业在全球淡水消费中占主导地位，但当水供应不足以满足灌溉需求时，作物生产和农业收入就会受到影响。在美国，灌溉需求和淡水供应之间的不匹配在近几十年来由于经常性干旱、气候变化和过度开采而加剧，过度开采使河流干涸并耗尽含水层。然而，对于采用新的作物组合以减少作物需水量和缓解缺水风险的潜力，还没有进行空间上的详细评估。在这项研究中，我们结合了模拟的作物需水量和详细的农业统计数据，在一个国家水文模型，以量化子流域级河流枯竭，发现在美国西部的子流域的30%，高至严重的灌溉稀缺水平，与牛饲料作物苜蓿和其他干草是最大的水消费者在该地区的子流域的57%。我们还评估了最近的趋势，在灌溉用水量，作物生产和创收在六个高调的农业领域，并发现，在最近几十年，水的消耗已经减少了在我们的研究领域的四个结果减少灌溉面积和生产的最耗水作物的转变，即使在农业收入增加。为了研究作物转移和休耕的机会，以实现进一步减少用水量，我们对现实情况进行了优化，以修改作物组合，同时维持或提高农场净利润，发现在我们的研究区域内，额外节水28-57%是可能的。这些发现表明，灌溉农业在经济、粮食安全和环境方面具有很大的共同效益，为世界各地与水资源短缺作斗争的地区提供了希望和方向。
Irrigated agriculture dominates freshwater consumption globally, but crop production and farm revenues suffer when water supplies are insufficient to meet irrigation needs. In the United States, the mismatch between irrigation demand and freshwater availability has been exacerbated in recent decades due to recurrent droughts, climate change and overextraction that dries rivers and depletes aquifers. Yet, there has been no spatially detailed assessment of the potential for shifting to new crop mixes to reduce crop water demands and alleviate water shortage risks. In this study, we combined modelled crop water requirements and detailed agricultural statistics within a national hydrological model to quantify sub-basin-level river depletion, finding high-to-severe levels of irrigation scarcity in 30% of sub-basins in the western United States, with cattle-feed crops—alfalfa and other hay—being the largest water consumers in 57% of the region’s sub-basins. We also assessed recent trends in irrigation water consumption, crop production and revenue generation in six high-profile farming areas and found that in recent decades, water consumption has decreased in four of our study areas—a result of a reduction in the irrigated area and shifts in the production of the most water-consumptive crops—even while farm revenues increased. To examine the opportunities for crop shifting and fallowing to realize further reductions in water consumption, we performed optimizations on realistic scenarios for modifying crop mixes while sustaining or improving net farm profits, finding that additional water savings of 28–57% are possible across our study areas. These findings demonstrate strong opportunities for economic, food security and environmental co-benefits in irrigated agriculture and provide both hope and direction to regions struggling with water scarcity around the world.
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影响因子：
4.7
作者：
Bryant, Benjamin P.;Kelsey, T. Rodd;Butterfield, H. Scott
通讯作者：
Butterfield, H. Scott
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影响因子：
8.2
作者：
J. Schmidt;C. Yackulic;Eric Kuhn
通讯作者：
Eric Kuhn
影响因子：
27.6
作者：
Richter, Brian D.;Bartak, Dominique;Troy, Tara J.
通讯作者：
Troy, Tara J.
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
B. Richter;James D. Brown;Rachel DiBenedetto;A. Gorsky;E. Keenan;Chantal Madray;Martha Morris;Devin A. Rowell;S. Ryu
通讯作者：
S. Ryu
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Cho SJ;McCarl BA
通讯作者：
McCarl BA