Frontal temporal and parietal systems synchronize within and across brains during live eye-to-eye contact.
Frontal temporal and parietal systems synchronize within and across brains during live eye-to-eye contact.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.018
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发表时间：
2017-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Ono Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirsch J;Zhang X;Noah JA;Ono Y
人与人之间的眼神交流是社交暗示和交流的主要来源。尽管这种人际互动具有生物学意义，但其背后的神经过程还没有得到很好的理解。这种知识差距在一定程度上反映了传统神经成像方法的局限性，包括在扫描仪孔中的单独监禁和对头部运动的最小容忍度，这些限制了对自然的两人互动的调查。然而，这些限制基本上解决了最近的技术发展，在功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS），一种非侵入性的光谱吸收技术，通过使用表面安装的光学传感器检测大脑中的血氧水平的变化。功能性近红外光谱能够容忍有限的头部运动，并能够在自然条件下同时采集来自两个相互作用的伙伴的神经信号。我们采用fNIRS推进数据驱动的理论框架，为两个人的神经科学的动机互动的大脑假说，提出个人之间的人际互动唤起的神经机制，而不是从事在独奏，非互动，行为。在此背景下，两个具体的假设，眼睛到眼睛的接触，功能特异性和功能同步性，进行了测试。功能特异性假说认为，眼睛与眼睛的接触涉及专门的、脑内的神经系统;而功能同步假说认为，眼睛与眼睛的接触涉及专门的、跨脑的、在两个个体之间同步的神经处理器。将在合作伙伴之间的眼对眼接触（交互条件）期间获得的信号与在照片脸的眼睛（非交互条件）的相互凝视期间获得的信号进行比较。根据特异性假设，在眼睛与眼睛接触的反应大于眼睛与图片凝视的左额叶集群，包括部分盖（与规范的语言生产功能称为布罗卡区），前和补充运动皮层（与发音系统相关），以及亚中央区域。这个额叶簇在功能上也与位于左侧上级颞回（与被称为韦尼克区的规范语言接受功能相关）、初级躯体感觉皮层和亚中央区域的一个簇相连接。根据功能同步假说，跨脑的连贯性，在眼睛对眼睛的接触，相对于眼睛对图片的凝视增加的信号起源于左上级颞，中颞，和缘上回，以及前和补充运动皮层的相互作用的大脑。这些同步的跨脑区域也与已知的语言功能相关，并且是伴侣特异性的（即，与随机分配的合作伙伴一起消失）。总之，眼对眼接触的脑内和跨脑神经相关包括先前建立的生产性和接受性语言系统的组成部分。这些发现揭示了一个左额叶，颞叶和顶叶的长程网络，介导的神经反应，在眼睛对眼睛之间的接触，并推进洞察社会和人际互动的基本机制。
Human eye-to-eye contact is a primary source of social cues and communication. In spite of the biological significance of this interpersonal interaction, the underlying neural processes are not well-understood. This knowledge gap, in part, reflects limitations of conventional neuroimaging methods, including solitary confinement in the bore of a scanner and minimal tolerance of head movement that constrain investigations of natural, two-person interactions. However, these limitations are substantially resolved by recent technical developments in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive spectral absorbance technique that detects changes in blood oxygen levels in the brain by using surface-mounted optical sensors. Functional NIRS is tolerant of limited head motion and enables simultaneous acquisitions of neural signals from two interacting partners in natural conditions. We employ fNIRS to advance a data-driven theoretical framework for two-person neuroscience motivated by the Interactive Brain Hypothesis which proposes that interpersonal interaction between individuals evokes neural mechanisms not engaged during solo, non-interactive, behaviors. Within this context, two specific hypotheses related to eye-to-eye contact, functional specificity and functional synchrony, were tested. The functional specificity hypothesis proposes that eye-to-eye contact engages specialized, within-brain, neural systems; and the functional synchrony hypothesis proposes that eye-to-eye contact engages specialized, across-brain, neural processors that are synchronized between dyads. Signals acquired during eye-to-eye contact between partners (interactive condition) were compared to signals acquired during mutual gaze at the eyes of a picture-face (non-interactive condition). In accordance with the specificity hypothesis, responses during eye-to-eye contact were greater than eye-to-picture gaze for a left frontal cluster that included pars opercularis (associated with canonical language production functions known as Broca’s region), pre- and supplementary motor cortices (associated with articulatory systems), as well as the subcentral area. This frontal cluster was also functionally connected to a cluster located in the left superior temporal gyrus (associated with canonical language receptive functions known as Wernicke’s region), primary somatosensory cortex, and the subcentral area. In accordance with the functional synchrony hypothesis, cross-brain coherence during eye-to-eye contact relative to eye-to-picture gaze increased for signals originating within left superior temporal, middle temporal, and supramarginal gyri as well as the pre- and supplementary motor cortices of both interacting brains. These synchronous cross-brain regions are also associated with known language functions, and were partner-specific (i.e., disappeared with randomly assigned partners). Together, both within and across-brain neural correlates of eye-to-eye contact included components of previously established productive and receptive language systems. These findings reveal a left frontal, temporal, and parietal long-range network that mediates neural responses during eye-to-eye contact between dyads, and advance insight into elemental mechanisms of social and interpersonal interactions.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
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4.8
作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
Ferradal, Silvina L.;Eggebrecht, Adam T.;Hassanpour, Mahlega;Snyder, Abraham Z.;Culver, Joseph P.
通讯作者：
Culver, Joseph P.