Fast mapping rapidly integrates information into existing memory networks.
Fast mapping rapidly integrates information into existing memory networks.
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DOI：
10.1037/xge0000020
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发表时间：
2014-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thompson-Schill SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coutanche MN;Thompson-Schill SL
成功的学习包括将新的材料整合到现有的记忆网络中。一种被称为快速映射（FM）的学习过程，被认为是模拟儿童的单词学习环境，最近被认为与成人的不同神经解剖学基质有关。这一想法提出了一个（从未被验证过的）假设，即FM可能促进快速融入皮层记忆网络。我们在两个实验中验证了这个假设。在我们的第一个实验中，我们通过FM或外显编码（EE）向50名参与者介绍了16种不熟悉的动物和名称，并在训练日和睡眠后对受试者进行了测试。通过EE学习产生了强烈的陈述性记忆，没有立即词汇竞争，从缓慢的巩固模型的预期。然而，通过调频学习，导致了几乎立即的词汇竞争，这种竞争一直持续到第二天。此外，在FM（但不是EE）训练后的第二天，所学的单词开始启动相关概念。在第二个实验中，我们复制了词汇整合的结果，并确定在学习过程中呈现一个已知的项目是通过FM快速整合的关键。这里提出的研究结果表明，学习项目可以通过快速映射以加速的速度整合到皮层记忆网络中。检索一个已知的相关概念，以推断FM问题的目标，是这种效果的关键。
Successful learning involves integrating new material into existing memory networks. A learning procedure known as fast mapping (FM), thought to simulate the word-learning environment of children, has recently been linked to distinct neuroanatomical substrates in adults. This idea has suggested the (never-before tested) hypothesis that FM may promote rapid incorporation into cortical memory networks. We test this hypothesis here in two experiments. In our first experiment, we introduced fifty participants to sixteen unfamiliar animals and names through FM or explicit encoding (EE), and tested subjects on the training day, and again after sleep. Learning through EE produced strong declarative memories, without immediate lexical competition, as expected from slow-consolidation models. Learning through FM, however, led to almost immediate lexical competition, which continued to the next day. Additionally, the learned words began to prime related concepts on the day following FM (but not EE) training. In a second experiment, we replicated the lexical integration results, and determined that presenting an already-known item during learning was crucial for rapid integration through FM. The findings presented here indicate that learned items can be integrated into cortical memory networks at an accelerated rate through fast mapping. The retrieval of a known related concept, in order to infer the target of the FM question, is critical for this effect.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2009.0111
发表时间：
2009-12-27
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Davis MH;Gaskell MG
通讯作者：
Gaskell MG
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Skotko, BG;Einstein, G;Corkin, S
通讯作者：
Corkin, S
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Spiegel, Chad;Halberda, Justin
通讯作者：
Halberda, Justin
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
O'Kane, G;Kensinger, EA;Corkin, S
通讯作者：
Corkin, S
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Coutanche, Marc N.;Gianessi, Carol A.;Chanales, Avi J. H.;Willison, Kate W.;Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.
通讯作者：
Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.