Cognitive control over learning: creating, clustering, and generalizing task-set structure.

Cognitive control over learning: creating, clustering, and generalizing task-set structure.
复制标题

对学习的认知控制:创建、聚类和概括任务集结构。

DOI:
10.1037/a0030852
复制
发表时间:
2013-01
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Frank, Michael J.
Frank, Michael J.
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Collins, Anne G. E.;Frank, Michael J.

文献摘要

参考文献

被引文献

相似文献

执行功能和学习共享共同的神经基质,特别是在前额叶皮层和基底神经节中,对它们的表达至关重要。了解它们如何相互作用,需要研究认知控制如何促进学习,以及学习如何提供(潜在的隐藏)结构,如抽象规则或任务集,需要认知控制。我们从三个互补的角度研究这个问题。首先,我们开发了一个新的计算“C-TS”(上下文任务集)模型的启发,非参数贝叶斯方法,指定学习者如何推断隐藏的结构,并决定是否重新使用该结构在新的情况下,或创建新的结构。其次,我们开发了一个神经生物学明确的模型,以评估潜在的机制,这种互动的结构化学习在多个电路连接额叶皮层和基底神经节。我们系统地探讨了这些层次的建模之间的联系,在多个任务的需求。我们发现,该网络提供了一个近似的实现高层次的C-TS计算,其中特定的神经机制的操作,以及不同的C-TS参数的变化捕获。第三,这种跨模型的协同作用产生了关于人类最佳和次优选择的性质以及学习过程中的响应时间的强有力的预测。特别是,该模型表明,参与者自发地建立任务集结构到一个学习问题时,没有提示这样做,这预示着积极和消极的转移,在随后的泛化测试。我们在两个实验中为这些预测提供了证据,并表明C-TS模型在这项任务中为人类的选择序列提供了良好的定量拟合。这些发现暗示了一个强烈的倾向,互动参与认知控制和学习,从而在结构化的抽象表示,提供泛化的机会,从而潜在的长期而不是短期的最优性。
Executive functions and learning share common neural substrates essential for their expression, notably in prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia. Understanding how they interact requires studying how cognitive control facilitates learning, but also how learning provides the (potentially hidden) structure, such as abstract rules or task-sets, needed for cognitive control. We investigate this question from three complementary angles. First, we develop a new computational “C-TS” (context-task-set) model inspired by non-parametric Bayesian methods, specifying how the learner might infer hidden structure and decide whether to re-use that structure in new situations, or to create new structure. Second, we develop a neurobiologically explicit model to assess potential mechanisms of such interactive structured learning in multiple circuits linking frontal cortex and basal ganglia. We systematically explore the link betweens these levels of modeling across multiple task demands. We find that the network provides an approximate implementation of high level C-TS computations, where manipulations of specific neural mechanisms are well captured by variations in distinct C-TS parameters. Third, this synergism across models yields strong predictions about the nature of human optimal and suboptimal choices and response times during learning. In particular, the models suggest that participants spontaneously build task-set structure into a learning problem when not cued to do so, which predicts positive and negative transfer in subsequent generalization tests. We provide evidence for these predictions in two experiments and show that the C-TS model provides a good quantitative fit to human sequences of choices in this task. These findings implicate a strong tendency to interactively engage cognitive control and learning, resulting in structured abstract representations that afford generalization opportunities, and thus potentially long-term rather than short-term optimality.
推理,学习和创造力:额叶功能和人类决策。
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001293
发表时间: 2012
期刊: PLoS biology
影响因子: 9.8
作者:
Collins A;Koechlin E
通讯作者: Koechlin E
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1001003
发表时间: 2010-12-02
影响因子: 4.3
作者:
Acuña DE;Schrater P
通讯作者: Schrater P
DOI: 10.1109/tac.1974.1100705
发表时间: 1974-01-01
影响因子: 6.8
作者:
AKAIKE, H
通讯作者: AKAIKE, H
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0519-07.2007
发表时间: 2007-04-04
影响因子: 5.3
作者:
Aron, Adam R.;Behrens, Tim E.;Poldrack, Russell A.
通讯作者: Poldrack, Russell A.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.04.031
发表时间: 2006-06-01
期刊: NEURON
影响因子: 16.2
作者:
Dosenbach, Nico U. F.;Visscher, Kristina M.;Petersen, Steven E.
通讯作者: Petersen, Steven E.