The Ancient Greek Pharmakos Rituals A Study in Mistrust

The Ancient Greek Pharmakos Rituals A Study in Mistrust
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古希腊法尔科斯仪式对不信任的研究

DOI:
10.1163/15685276-12341662
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发表时间:
2022
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Numen
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通讯作者:
Eidinow E
Eidinow E
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作者:
Eidinow E

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本文探讨了古希腊宗教中不信任的作用,特别是在纯洁、不洁和净化的建构中。它首先考察了所谓的替罪羊orpharmakosrituals,其中一个人被驱逐出城市,显然是作为一个净化提供给神。最近的分析认为,这些仪式是社区侵略的出口,和/或与自我牺牲的神话共鸣。这篇文章将建议对证据进行不同的分析。我提供了另一种解释这些仪式的方式,将它们置于希腊仪式和信仰的更广泛背景中:它表明,thepharmakos仪式是在社会和精神不安全的背景下出现的。我认为,这造成了社会和精神上的普遍不信任,在这种不信任中出现了制药仪式,并加剧了这种不信任。
This article examines the role of mistrust – especially in constructions of purity, impurity, and purification – in ancient Greek religion. It begins by examining so-called scapegoat orpharmakosrituals, in which an individual was expelled from the city, apparently as a purificatory offering to the gods. Recent analyses have argued that these rituals were outlets for community aggression, and/or were resonant with myths of self-sacrifice. This article will suggest a different analysis of the evidence. I offer an alternative way of interpreting these rituals that sets them in a wider context of Greek ritual and belief: it suggests that the ritual of thepharmakosarose in a context of social and spiritual insecurity. This created, I argue, a prevailing dynamic of social and spiritual mistrust, within which thepharmakosritual emerged – and which it exacerbated.
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